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Energy and Environment Directorate

Christian Johnson

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 371-7096

Biography

A chemical engineer by training, Mr. Johnson has performed a wide variety of research and development at PNNL since 1992 in the field of environmental restoration/remediation technology. His work includes design and implementation of in situ and ex situ bioremediation systems for treatment of chlorinated solvent and hydrocarbon contamination at U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Defense (Air Force, Navy, and Army), and private industry sites (including a Superfund National Priorities List site). In addition, Mr. Johnson has a long history of software development for environmental applications, including the RT3D code (a multi-species reactive transport simulation software), the Vapor Intrusion Estimation Tool for Unsaturated-zone Sources (VIETUS), the Soil Vapor Extraction Endstate Tool (SVEET), and the Plume Analysis Tool (PLATO) module of the SOCRATES (Suite Of Comprehensive Rapid Analysis Tools for Environmental Sites) single-page web application. Mr. Johnson has also co-authored many technical reports and journal articles, including guidance documents for assessing whether a soil vapor extraction remedy or pump-and-treat remedy should be closed, optimized, or transitioned to a new remedy.

Mr. Johnson has a broad range of other environmental remediation experience, as well as experience with a variety non-remediation projects. He has conducted technology assessments and design for iodine-129 groundwater remediation, vadose zone desiccation barrier technology, characterization and treatment of both uranium metal chips in contaminated oil and zircaloy metal chips, field-portable analysis of metals in soils, in situ bioremediation treatment of PAH-contaminated sediment in a wetland area, biotreatment of wastewater contaminated with acrylonitrile/cyanide/nitrophenol, and treatment of water contaminated with pathogenic protozoa (e.g., Giardia, Cryptosporidium) using glow discharge plasma. Mr. Johnson's non-remediation experience includes study of gas retention and release in pulse jet mixer tanks containing non-Newtonian fluid, fabrication of ceramic pellets, application of a hydrological uncertainty methodology to nuclear reactor sites, and neutron dosimetry.

Mr. Johnson has developed a number of software calculation tools using JavaScript, Fortran, Visual Basic, Excel, and/or Access, including the aforementioned RT3D and SVEET, as well as tools for ICP-OES analytical data analysis, conformance calculations for lithium-aluminate pellets, neutron dosimetry calculations (STAYSL PNNL), six-phase soil heating system design, assessing effectiveness of over 100 remediation technologies in logical treatment train configurations (RAAS), and Tank Characterization Database data manipulation.

Research Interests

  • Environmental Restoration (bioremediation, monitored natural attenuation, and other technologies)
  • Remediation technology development
  • Mathematical Modelling and Simulation (including groundwater/reactive transport modelling)
  • Data Analysis
  • Software development (simulators & calculation tools)

Education and Credentials

  • M.S., Chemical Engineering, Washington State University, 1999
  • B.S., Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 1992

Affiliations and Professional Service

  • OSHA 40 Hours Hazardous Waste Site Worker with Field Experience
  • Hazardous Waste Site Supervisor
  • Engineer-in-Training

Awards and Recognitions

  • 2016 PNNL Fitzner-Eberhardt Award for Outstanding Contributions to Science and Engineering Education
  • Battelle 2014 Community Spirit Award
  • Outstanding Performance Awards - 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2013
  • Federal Laboratory Consortium, Reactive Transport Transfer Efforts for RT3D - 1999
  • Battelle Software Creator Award, Remedial Action Assessment System - 1997

PNNL Publications

2023

  • Johnson C.D., C.E. Bagwell, and R.L. Bence. 2023. Development of Scalable Reactive Transport Framework for PFAS. PNNL-35136. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Development of Scalable Reactive Transport Framework for PFAS
  • Johnson C.D., J.Q. Wassing, J.P. Loftus, E.J. Engel, T.P. Franklin, and M.A. Perry. 2023. Online Analytics for Remedy Support at DOE Environmental Management Sites. PNNL-35029. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Online Analytics for Remedy Support at DOE Environmental Management Sites
  • Johnson C.D., T.P. Franklin, V. Molina, J.Q. Wassing, P.K. Tran, M.S. Kump, and D.I. Demirkanli, et al. 2023. Aquifer Injection Modeling (AIM) Toolbox User Guide. PNNL-31087 Rev. 1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Aquifer Injection Modeling (AIM) Toolbox User Guide
  • Saslow S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, E. Cordova, N.M. Avalos, D. Boglaienko, Y. Fang, and X. Song, et al. 2023. "Part I: Predicting Performance of Purolite A532E Resins for Remediation of Comingled Contaminants in Groundwater." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11, no. 3:Art. No. 109618. PNNL-SA-178092. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.109618
  • Saslow S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, E. Cordova, N.M. Avalos, D. Boglaienko, Y. Fang, and X. Song, et al. 2023. "Part II: Predicting Performance of DOWEX 21K Resin for Remediation of Comingled Contaminants in Groundwater." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11, no. 3:Art. No. 109620. PNNL-SA-178093. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.109620
  • Song X., P.K. Tran, X. Lin, J.L. Fanning, D.I. Demirkanli, and C.D. Johnson. 2023. An Online Prototype Toolset for Predicting and Optimizing P&T Performance FY23 Status Report. PNNL-34982. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. An Online Prototype Toolset for Predicting and Optimizing P&T Performance FY23 Status Report

2022

2021

  • Muller K.A., C.D. Johnson, C.E. Bagwell, and M.J. Truex. 2021. "Methods for Delivery and Distribution of Amendments for Subsurface Remediation: A Critical Review." Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 41, no. 1:46-75. PNNL-SA-153478. doi:10.1111/gwmr.12418

2019

2018

  • Greenwood L.R., B.D. Pierson, and C.D. Johnson. 2018. "Enhancement of STAYSL_PNNL with IRDFF/V1.05 to 60 MeV." In 16th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry, edited by M. H. Sparks, K. R. DePriest, and D. W. Vehar, STP1608-EB, 265-275. West Conshohock, Pennsylvania:ASTM International. PNNL-SA-125878. doi:10.1520/STP160820170054

2017

  • Strickland C.E., C.D. Johnson, B.D. Lee, N. Qafoku, J.E. Szecsody, M.J. Truex, and V.R. Vermeul. 2017. Identification of Promising Remediation Technologies for Iodine in the UP-1 Operable Unit. PNNL-26934. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1418096.Identification of Promising Remediation Technologies for Iodine in the UP-1 Operable Unit
  • Truex M.J., C.D. Johnson, T. Macbeth, D. Becker, K. Lynch, D. Giadrone, and A. Frantz, et al. 2017. "Performance Assessment of Pump-and-Treat Systems." Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 37, no. 3:28-44. PNNL-SA-122489. doi:10.1111/gwmr.12218

2016

  • Truex M.J., and C.D. Johnson. 2016. Approach for Pump-and-Treat Performance Assessment at the Hanford Site. PNNL-25875. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

2015

  • Truex M.J., V.R. Vermeul, D. Adamson, M. Oostrom, L. Zhong, R.D. Mackley, and B.G. Fritz, et al. 2015. "Field Test of Enhanced Remedial Amendment Delivery Using a Shear-Thinning Fluid." Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 35, no. 3:34-45. PNNL-SA-101736. doi:10.1111/gwmr.12101

2014

  • Oostrom M., M.J. Truex, A.K. Rice, C.D. Johnson, K.C. Carroll, D. Becker, and M.A. Simon. 2014. "Estimating the Impact of Vadose Zone Sources on Groundwater to Support Performance Assessment of Soil Vapor Extraction." Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 34, no. 2:71-84. PNNL-SA-90992.
  • Oostrom M., M.J. Truex, A.K. Rice, C.D. Johnson, K.C. Carroll, D. Becker, and M.A. Simon. 2014. "Estimating the Impact of Vadose Zone Sources on Groundwater to Support Performance Assessment of Soil Vapor Extraction." Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 34, no. 2:71-84. PNNL-SA-93903.

2012

  • Truex M.J., M. Oostrom, C.E. Strickland, G.B. Chronister, M.W. Benecke, and C.D. Johnson. 2012. "Field-Scale Assessment of Desiccation Implementation for Deep Vadose Zone Contaminants." Vadose Zone Journal 11, no. 4. PNNL-SA-83775. doi:10.2136/vzj2011.0144

2007

  • Truex M.J., C.D. Johnson, J.R. Spencer, and T.P. Clement. 2007. "A Deterministic Approach to Evaluate and Implement Monitored Natural Attenuation for Chlorinated Solvents." Remediation 17, no. 4:23-40. PNWD-SA-7682. doi:10.1002/rem.20141

2004

  • Yantasee W., Y. Lin, G.E. Fryxell, K.L. Alford, B.J. Busche, and C.D. Johnson. 2004. "Selective Removal of Copper(II) from Aqueous Solutions Using Fine-Grained Activated Carbon Functionalized with Amine." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 43, no. 11:2759-2764. PNNL-SA-38034.

2000

  • Clement T.P., C.D. Johnson, Y. Sun, G.M. Klecka, and C. Bartlett. 2000. "Natural attenuation of chlorinated ethene compounds: model development and field-scale application at the Dover site." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 42, no. 2-4:113-140. PNNL-SA-31638.

1999

  • Clement P., C.D. Johnson, Y. Sun, G.M. Klecka, and C. Bartlett. 1999. "Modeling natural attenuation of chlorinated solvent plumes at the Dover Air Force Base Area-6 site." In Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, and Other Organic Compounds, The Fifth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, edited by B.C. Alleman and A. Leeson, 29-34. Columbus, Ohio:Battelle Press. PNNL-SA-31637.
  • Last G.V., L.M. Bagaasen, T.J. Gilmore, N.P. Kohn, C.D. Johnson, D.C. Lanigan, and T.L. Liikala, et al. 1999. Surface Water-Sediment Feasibility Study Report for the McCormick and Baxter Superfund Site, Stockton, California. PNNL-11931. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Surface Water-Sediment Feasibility Study Report for the McCormick and Baxter Superfund Site, Stockton, California

Energy and Environment

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