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Energy and Environment Directorate

Curt Lavender

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 372-6770

PNNL Patents

PNNL Publications

2023

  • Huber Z.F., E.R. Conte, C.A. Lavender, J. Fornof, E. Shaber, A. Mushakov, and J. Johnson, et al. 2023. Casting and Characterization of U-50Zr. PNNL-33873. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Casting and Characterization of U-50Zr

2022

  • Athon M.T., K.M. Mccoy, C.A. Lavender, P.J. MacFarlan, D.D. Reilly, A. Devaraj, and L.E. Sweet, et al. 2022. Capability to Process and Characterize Uranium-Zirconium (U-Zr) and Uranium-Zirconium-Plutonium (U-Zr-Pu) Alloys. PNNL-33005. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Capability to Process and Characterize Uranium-Zirconium (U-Zr) and Uranium-Zirconium-Plutonium (U-Zr-Pu) Alloys
  • Clelland D.T., D.R. Merkel, E.K. Nickerson, K.P. Brooks, V.V. Joshi, C.A. Lavender, and Z.F. Huber. 2022. "Forming Complex Nuclear Fuel Shapes in High-Loaded Silicide Surrogates." In Proceedings of the 42nd International Meeting on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR 2022), October 3-5, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Lemont, Illinois:Argonne National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-178118.
  • Huber Z.F., E.R. Conte, M.A. Rossiter, A. Soulami, K.P. Brooks, C.L. Painter, and V.V. Joshi, et al. 2022. "A Robust Processing Approach for Producing Highly Loaded Dispersion Fuels." In Proceedings of the 42nd International Meeting on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR 2022), October 3-5, 2022, Vienna, Austria, Paper No. S5-P2. Lemont, Illinois:Argonne National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-178158.
  • Song M., S. Jana, Z.F. Huber, L.E. Sweet, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2022. "Delayed onset of discontinuous precipitation-based phase transformation in U10Mo alloys doped with Silicon." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 922. PNNL-SA-170469. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166311

2021

  • Huber Z.F., K.M. McCoy, M.T. Athon, I.J. Schwerdt, and C.A. Lavender. 2021. "Effects of Casting Parameters and Impurity Concentrations on As-Cast U-10Mo." Progress in Nuclear Energy 140. PNNL-SA-155216. doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103921
  • Huber Z.F., M.T. Athon, S.D. Shen, E.R. Conte, K.M. McCoy, and C.A. Lavender. 2021. "Enhancing isotope mixing in U-10Mo downblend castings with electromagnetic stirring." Journal of Nuclear Materials 555. PNNL-SA-161932. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153148
  • Kautz E.J., S. Shahrezaei, M.T. Athon, M.A. Frank, A.L. Schemer-Kohrn, A. Soulami, and C.A. Lavender, et al. 2021. "Evaluating the microstructure and origin of nonmetallic inclusions in as-cast U-10 Mo fuel." Journal of Nuclear Materials 554. PNNL-SA-158125. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152949

2020

  • Overman N.R., S. Jana, D.P. Field, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2020. "An Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis of Grain Boundary Initiated Discontinuous Precipitation in U-10Mo." Journal of Nuclear Materials 529. PNNL-SA-140310. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151940
  • Wang C., Z. Xu, D.K. Fagan, D.P. Field, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2020. "Quantifying and qualifying alloys based on level of homogenization: A U-10Mo alloy case study." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 142, no. 1:Article No. 011012. PNNL-SA-137671. doi:10.1115/1.4044891

2019

  • Choi K., C. Wang, W.E. Frazier, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2019. Carbide Particle Redistribution in U-10Mo Alloy during Hot and Cold Rolling Processes. PNNL-29771. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1633411.Carbide Particle Redistribution in U-10Mo Alloy during Hot and Cold Rolling Processes
  • Jana S., A.L. Schemer-Kohrn, N.R. Overman, L.E. Sweet, E.J. Kautz, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2019. Eutectoid Transformation in U10Mo Alloy: Effect of Deformation History and Homogenization Heat Treatment. PNNL-28519. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1503687.Eutectoid Transformation in U10Mo Alloy: Effect of Deformation History and Homogenization Heat Treatment
  • Jana S., N.R. Overman, A. Devaraj, L.E. Sweet, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2019. "Discontinuous Precipitation in U-10 wt.%Mo Alloy: Reaction Kinetics, Effect of Prior gamma-UMo Microstructure, the Role of Grain-Boundary Misorientation, and the Effect of Ternary Alloying Addition." JOM. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 71, no. 8:2770-2779. PNNL-SA-141543. doi:10.1007/s11837-019-03588-4
  • Kaspar T.C., C.L. Arendt, D.L. Neal, S.L. Riechers, C.E. Rutherford, A.L. Schemer-Kohrn, and S.R. Spurgeon, et al. 2019. "Characterization of surface layers formed on DU10Mo ingots after processing steps and high humidity exposure." Journal of Nuclear Materials 514. PNNL-SA-136846. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.022
  • Kautz E.J., D. Burkes, V.V. Joshi, C.A. Lavender, and A. Devaraj. 2019. "Nanoscale spatially resolved mapping of uranium enrichment." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1:Article No. 12302. PNNL-SA-139895. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48479-5
  • Kovarik L., A. Devaraj, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2019. "Crystallographic and Compositional Analysis of impurity phase: U2MoSi2C in UMo Alloys." Journal of Nuclear Materials 519. PNNL-SA-140234. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.03.044
  • Prabhakaran R., L. Gardner, V.V. Joshi, D. Burkes, and C.A. Lavender. 2019. "Effect of homogenization and hot rolling on the mechanical properties, microstructure and corrosion behavior of U-10Mo monolithic fuel." Journal of Nuclear Materials 527. PNNL-SA-125572. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151804
  • Wang C., A. Soulami, Z. Xu, G. Cheng, S. Hu, D. Burkes, and W.E. Frazier, et al. 2019. Process Modeling of U-10wt% Mo Alloys Using Integrated Computational Materials Engineering. PNNL-28640. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1518489.Process Modeling of U-10wt% Mo Alloys Using Integrated Computational Materials Engineering
  • Wang C., Z. Xu, D.K. Fagan, D.P. Field, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2019. Quantifying and Qualifying Alloys Based on Level of Homogenization: A U 10 wt% Mo Alloy Case Study. PNNL-28495. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1497723.Quantifying and Qualifying Alloys Based on Level of Homogenization: A U 10 wt% Mo Alloy Case Study
  • Whalen S.A., N.R. Overman, V.V. Joshi, T. Varga, D.D. Graff, and C.A. Lavender. 2019. "Magnesium Alloy ZK60 Tubing made by Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE)." Materials Science and Engineering A. Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing 755. PNNL-SA-140301. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2019.04.013

2018

  • Cheng G., X. Hu, W.E. Frazier, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2018. "Effect of Second Phase Particles and Stringers on Microstructures after Rolling and Recrystallization." Materials Science and Engineering A. Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing 736. PNNL-SA-133390. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2018.08.040
  • Choi K., C. Wang, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2018. Carbide Particle Redistribution in U-10Mo Alloy during Hot Rolling Process: Synthetic Microstructure-Based Finite-Element Approach. PNNL-28383. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1489839.Carbide Particle Redistribution in U-10Mo Alloy during Hot Rolling Process: Synthetic Microstructure-Based Finite-Element Approach
  • Devaraj A., E.J. Kautz, L. Kovarik, S. Jana, N.R. Overman, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2018. "Phase transformation of metastable discontinuous precipitation products to equilibrium phases in U10Mo alloys." Scripta Materialia 156. PNNL-SA-134393. doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.07.010
  • Devaraj A., L. Kovarik, E.J. Kautz, B.W. Arey, S. Jana, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2018. "Grain Boundary Engineering to Control the Discontinuous Precipitation in Multicomponent U10Mo Alloy." Acta Materialia 151. PNNL-SA-129167. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2018.03.039
  • Hu X., X. Wang, V.V. Joshi, and C.A. Lavender. 2018. "The effect of thermomechanical processing on second phase particle redistribution in U-10wt%Mo." Journal of Nuclear Materials 500. PNNL-SA-127745. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.12.042
  • Wight J.M., V.V. Joshi, and C.A. Lavender. 2018. "USHPRR FUEL FABRICATION PILLAR: FABRICATION STATUS, PROCESS OPTIMIZATIONS, AND FUTURE PLANS." In European Research Reactor Conference RRFM (2018), March 11-15, 2018, Munich, Germany. Brussels:European Nuclear Society. PNNL-SA-132285.

2017

  • Hu S., C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2017. "Effect of Recrystallization on Gas Bubble Swelling in UMo Fuels." Transactions of the American Nuclear Society 116. PNNL-SA-123369.
  • Hu S., V.V. Joshi, and C.A. Lavender. 2017. "A Rate-Theory-Phase-Field Model of Irradiation-Induced Recrystallization in UMo Nuclear Fuels." JOM. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 69, no. 12:2554-2562. PNNL-SA-125571. doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2611-4
  • Hu S., W. Setyawan, V.V. Joshi, and C.A. Lavender. 2017. "Atomistic Simulations of Thermodynamic Properties of Xe Gas Bubbles in U10Mo Fuels." Journal of Nuclear Materials 490. PNNL-SA-121465. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.04.016
  • Jana S., A. Devaraj, L. Kovarik, B.W. Arey, L.E. Sweet, T. Varga, and C.A. Lavender, et al. 2017. "Kinetics of cellular transformation and competing precipitation mechanisms during sub-eutectoid annealing of U10Mo alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 723. PNNL-SA-124502. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.06.292
  • Jana S., N.R. Overman, T. Varga, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2017. "Phase Transformation Kinetics in Rolled U-10 wt. % Mo Foil: Effect of Post-rolling Heat Treatment and Prior ?-UMo Grain Size." Journal of Nuclear Materials 496. PNNL-SA-127108. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.09.030
  • Nguyen B., C.H. Henager, C.A. Lavender, and K.L. Simmons. 2017. Al/Zr/U-10Mo Foil Sensitivity Analyses. PNNL-26750. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Al/Zr/U-10Mo Foil Sensitivity Analyses
  • Soulami A., D. Burkes, V.V. Joshi, C.A. Lavender, and D.M. Paxton. 2017. "Finite-Element Model to Predict Roll-Separation Force and Defects During Rolling of U-10Mo Alloys." Journal of Nuclear Materials 494. PNNL-SA-128011. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.07.006
  • Whalen S.A., V.V. Joshi, N.R. Overman, D.D. Caldwell, C.A. Lavender, and T. Skszek. 2017. "Scaled-Up Fabrication of Thin-Walled ZK60 Tubing using Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE)." In Magnesium Technology Conference 2017, February 26 - March 2, 2017, San Diego, California, edited by KN Solanki, et al, 315-321. Cham:Springer. PNNL-SA-121164. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52392-7_45

2016

  • Devaraj A., V.V. Joshi, A. Srivastava, S. Manandhar, V.S. Moxson, V. Duz, and C.A. Lavender. 2016. "A Low-Cost Hierarchical Nanostructured Beta-Titanium Alloy with High Strength." Nature Communications 7. PNNL-SA-116064. doi:10.1038/ncomms11176
  • Hu S., D. Burkes, C.A. Lavender, and V.V. Joshi. 2016. "Effect of Grain Morphology on Gas Bubble Swelling in UMo Fuels - a 3D Microstructure Dependent Booth Model." Journal of Nuclear Materials 480, no. (2016):323-331. PNNL-SA-120484. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.08.038
  • Hu S.Y., D. Burkes, C.A. Lavender, D.J. Senor, W. Setyawan, and Z. Xu. 2016. "Formation mechanism of gas bubble superlattice in UMo metal fuels: Phase-field modeling investigation." Journal of Nuclear Materials 479. PNNL-SA-112981. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.012
  • Joshi V.V., C.A. Lavender, D.M. Paxton, and D. Burkes. 2016. The Effect of Rolling As-Cast and Homogenized U-10Mo Samples on the Microstructure Development and Recovery Curves. PNNL-25781. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1339909.The Effect of Rolling As-Cast and Homogenized U-10Mo Samples on the Microstructure Development and Recovery Curves
  • Montgomery R.O., W.D. Bennett, C.H. Henager, C.A. Lavender, M.T. Smith, and R.P. Omberg. 2016. "An Innovative Accident Tolerant LWR Fuel Rod Design Based on Uranium-Molybdenum Metal Alloy." In Top Fuel 2016: LWR Fuels with Enhanced Safety and Performance, September 11-15, 2016, Boise, Idaho, Top Fuel 2016, 1375-1387. La Grange Park, Illinois:American Nuclear Society. PNNL-SA-118356.
  • Prabhakaran R., J. Choi, E.V. Stephens, D. Catalini, C.A. Lavender, and A. Rohatgi. 2016. "Mechanical Characterization and Corrosion Testing of X608 Al Alloy." In Light Metals 2016, edited by E. Williams. 145-150. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. PNNL-SA-113866.
  • Xu Z., V.V. Joshi, S.Y. Hu, D.M. Paxton, C.A. Lavender, and D. Burkes. 2016. "Modeling the Homogenization Kinetics of As-Cast U-10wt% Mo alloys." Journal of Nuclear Materials 471. PNNL-SA-113656. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.11.026

2015

  • Choi J., A. Rohatgi, M.T. Smith, and C.A. Lavender. 2015. "Process Development for Stamping Á-Pillar Covers with Aluminum." In Light Metals 2015: Proceedings of the symposia sponsored by the TMS Aluminum Committee at the TMS 2015 Annual Meeting & Exhibition, March 15-19, 2015, Orlando, Florida, edited by M Hyland, 197-202. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley and Sons, Inc. PNNL-SA-105374. doi:10.1002/9781119093435.ch35
  • Henager C.H., E.L. Stevens, R.J. Kurtz, T.J. Roosendaal, E.A. Nyberg, C.A. Lavender, and G. Odette, et al. 2015. "RECENT PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DUCTILE-PHASE TOUGHENED TUNGSTEN FOR PLASMA-FACING MATERIALS: W-Ni-Fe COMPOSITES." In Fusion Reactor Materials Program Semiannual Progress Report For the Period Ending June 30, 2015. 130-139. DOE/ER-0313/58. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-111928.
  • Henager C.H., R.J. Kurtz, T.J. Roosendaal, B.A. Borlaug, E.A. Nyberg, C.A. Lavender, and G. Odette, et al. 2015. "RECENT PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DUCTILE-PHASE TOUGHENED TUNGSTEN FOR PLASMA-FACING MATERIALS: W-Ni-Fe COMPOSITES." In Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report for the Period Ending December 31, 2014, edited by PJ Pappano. 93-96. DOE-ER-0313/57. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-107716.
  • Hu S.Y., A.M. Casella, C.A. Lavender, D.J. Senor, and D. Burkes. 2015. "Assessment of Effective Thermal Conductivity in U-Mo Metallic Fuels with Distributed Gas Bubbles." Journal of Nuclear Materials 462. PNNL-SA-106990. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.03.039
  • Joshi V.V., E.A. Nyberg, C.A. Lavender, D.M. Paxton, and D. Burkes. 2015. "Thermomechanical process optimization of U-10wt% Mo - Part 2: The effect of homogenization on the mechanical properties and microstructure." Journal of Nuclear Materials 465. PNNL-SA-108483. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.07.005
  • Joshi V.V., E.A. Nyberg, C.A. Lavender, D.M. Paxton, H. Garmestani, and D. Burkes. 2015. "Thermomechanical Process Optimization of U-10wt% Mo - Part 1: High-Temperature Compressive Properties and Microstructure." Journal of Nuclear Materials 465. PNNL-SA-96854. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.10.065
  • Li D., and C.A. Lavender. 2015. "Strengthening and Improving Yield Asymmetry of Magnesium Alloys by Second Phase Particle Refinement Under the Guidance of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 137, no. 3:Article No. 031008. PNNL-SA-114912. doi:10.1115/1.4030356
  • Tabei A., D. Li, C.A. Lavender, and H. Garmestani. 2015. "Investigation of precipitate refinement in Mg alloys by an analytical composite failure model." Mechanics of Materials 89. PNNL-SA-114910. doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2015.05.007

2014

  • Li D., S. Ahzi, S.M. M'Guil, W. Wen, C.A. Lavender, and M.A. Khaleel. 2014. "Modeling of deformation behavior and texture evolution in magnesium alloy using the intermediate ?-model." International Journal of Plasticity 52. PNNL-SA-114911. doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.06.005
  • Tabei A., S. Ahzi, D. Li, C.A. Lavender, and H. Garmestani. 2014. "Effects of Morphology and Geometry of Inclusions on Two-Point Correlation Statistics in Two Phase Composites." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Multiscale Mechanics 3, no. 1:1-17. PNNL-SA-114317. doi:10.1504/IJTAMM.2014.069444

2013

  • Joshi V.V., C.A. Lavender, V.S. Moxson, V.A. Duz, E.A. Nyberg, and K.S. Weil. 2013. "Development of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe Alloys Using Low-Cost TiH2, Powder Feedstock." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 22, no. 4:995-1003. PNNL-SA-86352. doi:10.1007/s11665-012-0386-x
  • Li D., V.V. Joshi, C.A. Lavender, M.A. Khaleel, and S. Ahzi. 2013. "Yield asymmetry design of magnesium alloys by integrated computational materials engineering." Computational Materials Science 79. PNNL-SA-114310. doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.06.045
  • Li D., V.V. Joshi, C.A. Lavender, M.A. Khaleel, and S. Ahzi. 2013. "Yield Asymmetry Design of Magnesium Alloys by Integrated Computational Materials Engineering." Computational Materials Science 79. PNNL-SA-95671. doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.06.045

2012

  • Joshi V.V., E.A. Nyberg, A. Soulami, D.J. Edwards, A.Z. Chua, and C.A. Lavender. 2012. "In-Plane Compression and Tensile Testing of AZ31B Sheet and their Deformation Mechanisms." In 9th International Conference on Magnesium Alloys and their Applications, July 8-12, 2012, Vancouver, BC, Canada, edited by WJ Poole and KU Kainer. Warrendale, Pennsylvania:TMS. PNNL-SA-85705.

2009

  • Hovanski Y., K.S. Weil, and C.A. Lavender. 2009. "Developments in Die Pressing Strategies for Low-Cost Titanium Powders." In TMS 2009 138th Annual Meeting & Exhibition: Supplemental Proceedings, Volume 1: Materials Processing and Properties, 1, 549-556. Warrendale, Pennsylvania:Minteral, Metals & Materials Society. PNNL-SA-66417.
  • Weil K.S., Y. Hovanski, and C.A. Lavender. 2009. "Effects of TiCl4 Purity on the Sinterability of Armstrong-Processed Ti Powder." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 473, no. 1-2:L39-L43. PNNL-SA-55781.

2008

  • Hong S., Y. Hovanski, C.A. Lavender, and K.S. Weil. 2008. "Investigation of Die Stress Profiles during Powder Compaction using Instrumented Die." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 17, no. 3:382-386. PNNL-SA-57241. doi:10.1007/s11665-008-9229-1
  • Hovanski Y., C.A. Lavender, and K.S. Weil. 2008. "Evaluation of the Pressing Characteristics of Commercially Pure Titanium Using an Instrumented Double Acting Die." In Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials: Proceedings of the 2008 World Congress on Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials, III, 199-208. Princeton, New Jersey:Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF). PNNL-SA-60672.
  • Lavender C.A., S. Hong, M.T. Smith, R.T. Johnson, and D. Lahrman. 2008. "THE EFFECT OF LASER SHOCK PEENING ON THE LIFE AND FAILURE MODE OF A COLD PILGER DIE." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 204, no. 1-3:486-491. PNNL-SA-58328.

2007

  • Hong S., and C.A. Lavender. 2007. "Tailoring of mechanical properties of hydroformed aluminum tubes." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 189, no. 1-3:477-482. PNNL-SA-53184. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.02.017

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