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John Hardy

John Hardy

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 375-2627

Biography

John Hardy has been in the Materials Science department at PNNL since 1998 where the main focus of his research has been solid oxide fuel cell materials and components. His other research interests include ceramic-metal joining technologies, gas separation membranes, and ceramic-metal composites.

He has authored or co-authored more than 90 publications (over 1500 citations; h-index of 23), including journal articles, conference proceedings, and technical reports, and more than 100 presentations at scientific conferences. He has also received 7 U.S. patents and 9 foreign patents.

Research Interests

  • Solid oxide fuel cell materials and components
  • Ceramic-metal joining technologies
  • Gas separation membranes
  • Ceramic-metal composites

Education and Credentials

  • Ph.D. Materials Science, Washington State University
  • M.S. Ceramic Engineering, Alfred University
  • B.S. Ceramic Engineering, Alfred University

Affiliations and Professional Service

  • American Ceramic Society

PNNL Patents

PNNL Publications

2023

  • Hardy J.S., M.R. Powell, Y. Chou, and L.M. Bagaasen. 2023. Enhanced Tritium Retention in LiAlO2 Pellets via Engineered Glazes: Tritium Science Project. PNNL-35097. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Enhanced Tritium Retention in LiAlO2 Pellets via Engineered Glazes: Tritium Science Project
  • Reddy M.J., B. Kamecki, B. Talic, E. Zanchi, F. Smeacetto, J.S. Hardy, and J. Choi, et al. 2023. "Experimental review of the performances of protective coatings for interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 568. PNNL-SA-182133. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.232831

2022

  • Hardy J.S., A.P. Kulkarni, J.W. Stevenson, and O.A. Marina. 2022. "Conductivity and Transference Number Determination Protocols for Solid Oxide Cell Materials." Frontiers in Energy Research 10. PNNL-SA-169984. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.867783
  • Hardy J.S., Y. Chou, J. Choi, and J. Li. 2022. Aluminization Coatings and Glass Seals for High Temperature Systems - CRADA 536 (Final Report). PNNL-33817. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Aluminization Coatings and Glass Seals for High Temperature Systems - CRADA 536 (Final Report)
  • Kirby B.W., K. Grubel, E.C. Ronnebro, J.S. Hardy, and J. Kim. 2022. Synthesis and Photonic Sintering of Proton Conducting Lanthanide Nickelates. PNNL-33457. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Synthesis and Photonic Sintering of Proton Conducting Lanthanide Nickelates
  • Prabhakaran R., G.W. Coffey, O.A. Marina, J.S. Hardy, D.J. Edwards, and A.M. Casella. 2022. Final Report: Improved Understanding of Zircaloy Hydrogen Pickup Mechanisms in BWRs. NSUF Report. PNNL-32984. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Final Report: Improved Understanding of Zircaloy Hydrogen Pickup Mechanisms in BWRs. NSUF Report
  • Yang X., J.S. Hardy, C.A. Coyle, J.F. Bonnett, S.M. Mahserejian, and J.W. Stevenson. 2022. "In-Operando XRD Study of the Effects of Water Vapor on Phase Formation in LSM/YSZ SOFC Cathodes." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2:Art. No. 024512. PNNL-SA-167920. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac4f6e

2021

  • Choi J., J.F. Bonnett, N.L. Canfield, and J.S. Hardy. 2021. "Electrically Conductive and Protective Coating Compatibility with LSCF Cathodes." In Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, (SOFC 2021), July 18-23, 2021, Stockholm, Sweden. ECS Transactions, 103, 1827-1834. PNNL-SA-162493. doi:10.1149/10301.1827ecst
  • Chou Y., T. Jin, N.L. Canfield, J.F. Bonnett, J. Choi, and J.S. Hardy. 2021. "Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite-Alumina Fiber Composite Contact Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-XVII), July 18-23, 2021, Stockholm, Sweden. ECS Transactions, 103, 1835 - 1846. PNNL-SA-162624. doi:10.1149/10301.1835ecst
  • Hardy J.S. 2021. Aluminization Coatings and Glass Seals for High Temperature System - CRADA 536 (Abstract). PNNL-32493. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1867333.Aluminization Coatings and Glass Seals for High Temperature System - CRADA 536 (Abstract)
  • Kirby B.W., J.S. Hardy, C.A. Coyle, N.L. Canfield, and T.C. Droubay. 2021. "Sr and Co Vapor-Phase Transport from LSCF Cathodes." In 17th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOF-XVII) July 18, 2021 - July 23, 2021 Stockholm, Sweden. ECS Transactions, 103, 1415-1424. Bristol:IOP Publishing. PNNL-SA-163853. doi:10.1149/10301.1415ecst

2020

  • Chou Y., N.L. Canfield, J.F. Bonnett, J.S. Hardy, and J.W. Stevenson. 2020. "Thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of LSCo/mullite composite contact materials for solid oxide fuel cells." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 17, no. 5:2051-2061. PNNL-SA-148106. doi:10.1111/ijac.13536

2019

2018

  • Hardy J.S., C.A. Coyle, J.F. Bonnett, J.W. Templeton, N.L. Canfield, D.J. Edwards, and S.M. Mahserejian, et al. 2018. "Evaluation of Cation Migration in Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes via In-operando X-ray Diffraction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 4:1787-1801. PNNL-SA-127796. doi:10.1039/c7ta06856e

2017

  • Dogdibegovic E., N.S. Alabri, C.J. Wright, J.S. Hardy, C.A. Coyle, S.A. Horlick, and W. Guan, et al. 2017. "Activity and Stability of (Pr1-xNdx)2NiO4 as Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Part V. In Situ Studies of Phase Evolution." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 164, no. 12:F1115-F1121. PNNL-SA-127512. doi:10.1149/2.1041707jes
  • Dogdibegovic E., N.S. Alabri, C.J. Wright, J.S. Hardy, C.A. Coyle, S.A. Horlick, and W. Guan, et al. 2017. "In situ Studies of Phase Evolution in (Pr1-xNdx)2NiO4 Electrodes with Various Interlayer Chemistries." ECS Transactions 78, no. 1:623-635. PNNL-SA-128993. doi:10.1149/07801.0623ecst
  • Dogdibegovic E., N.S. Alabri, K. Tenny, C.J. Wright, J.S. Hardy, C.A. Coyle, and S.A. Horlick, et al. 2017. "The Role of Interlayer on the Catalytic Activity and Performance Stability of (Pr1-xNdx)2NiO4 as Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." ECS Transactions 78, no. 1:983-992. PNNL-SA-128995. doi:10.1149/07801.0983ecst
  • Hardy J.S., C.A. Coyle, J.J. Neeway, and J.W. Stevenson. 2017. "LSM/YSZ Button Cell Tests in Cathode Air with Measured Cr Concentrations." ECS Transactions 78, no. 1:943-953. PNNL-SA-125284. doi:10.1149/07801.0943ecst
  • LU Z., S. Darvish, J.S. Hardy, J.W. Templeton, J.W. Stevenson, and Y. Zhong. 2017. "SrZrO3 Formation at the Interlayer/Electrolyte Interface During (La1-xSrx)1-dCo1-yFeyO3 Cathode Sintering." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 164, no. 10:F3097-F3103. PNNL-SA-127510. doi:10.1149/2.0141710jes
  • Nguyen H.P., J.S. Hardy, C.A. Coyle, Z. LU, and J.W. Stevenson. 2017. "Developing Cost-Effective Dense Continuous SDC Barrier Layers for SOFCs." ECS Transactions 75, no. 42:107-114. PNNL-SA-121716. doi:10.1149/07542.0107ecst
  • Nguyen H.P., J.S. Hardy, C.A. Coyle, Z. LU, and J.W. Stevenson. 2017. "Developing Cost-Effective Dense Continuous SDC Barrier Layers for SOFCs." In ECS Transactions, 75, 107-114. Pennington, New Jersey:Electrochemical Society. PNNL-SA-131600. doi:10.1149/07542.0107ecst

2012

  • Hardy J.S., J.W. Templeton, and J.W. Stevenson. 2012. "IN-SITU XRD OF OPERATING LSFC CATHODES: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ANALYTICAL CAPABILITY." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, edited by P Singh, et al, VIII. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. PNNL-SA-84857. doi:10.1002/9781118217481.ch7
  • Hardy J.S., J.W. Templeton, D.J. Edwards, Z. Lu, and J.W. Stevenson. 2012. "Lattice Expansion of LSCF-6428 Cathodes Measured by In-situ XRD during SOFC Operation." Journal of Power Sources 198. PNNL-SA-82491. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.099
  • Lu Z., J.S. Hardy, J.W. Templeton, and J.W. Stevenson. 2012. "Extended reaction zone of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 cathode for solid oxide fuel cell." Journal of Power Sources 198. PNNL-SA-81201. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.020
  • Lu Z., J.S. Hardy, J.W. Templeton, J.W. Stevenson, D. Fisher, N. Wu, and A. Ignatiev. 2012. "Performance of Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Thin Bi-Layer Electrolyte by Pulsed Laser Deposition." Journal of Power Sources 210. PNNL-SA-85923. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.03.036
  • Xu W., J.Z. Hu, M.H. Engelhard, S.A. Towne, J.S. Hardy, J. Xiao, and J. Feng, et al. 2012. "The Stability of Organic Solvents and Carbon Electrode in Nonaqueous Li-O2 Batteries." Journal of Power Sources 215. PNNL-SA-85748. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.021

2011

  • Choi D., J. Xiao, Y. Choi, J.S. Hardy, M. Vijayakumar, M.S. Bhuvaneswari, and J. Liu, et al. 2011. "Thermal Stability and Phase Transformation of Electrochemically Charged/Discharged LiMnPO4 Cathode for Li-Ion Battery." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 11:4560-4566. PNNL-SA-79713. doi:10.1039/C1EE01501J
  • Hardy J.S., J.W. Templeton, Z. Lu, and J.W. Stevenson. 2011. "Development of SOFC Cathodes." In 2011 Office of Fossil Energy Fuel Cell Program Annual Report. 84-87. Washington, District Of Columbia:Department of Energy. PNNL-SA-80404.
  • Lu Z., J.S. Hardy, J.W. Templeton, and J.W. Stevenson. 2011. "New insights in the polarization resistance of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 cathodes." Journal of Power Sources 196, no. 1:39-45. PNNL-SA-72791. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.054
  • Templeton J.W., J.S. Hardy, Z. Lu, and J.W. Stevenson. 2011. "THE EFFECT OF A-SITE STOICHIOMETRY ON LSCF CATHODE PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells VII: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 35th Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 23-28, 2011, Daytona Beach, Florida, edited by NP Bansal, et al, 32. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. PNNL-SA-77313. doi:10.1002/9781118095249.ch5
  • Xu W., K. Xu, V.V. Viswanathan, S.A. Towne, J.S. Hardy, J. Xiao, and Z. Nie, et al. 2011. "Reaction Mechanisms for the Limited Reversibility of Li-O2 Chemistry in Organic Carbonate Electrolytes." Journal of Power Sources 196, no. 22:9631-9639. PNNL-SA-78429. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.099

2008

  • Kim J.Y., J.S. Hardy, and K.S. Weil. 2008. "ALUMINUM AIR BRAZING FOR JOINING CERAMICS." In Advances in Ceramic Coatings and Ceramic-Metal Systems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, edited by D Zhu and K Plucknett, 26, 374-382. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons. PNNL-SA-43970. doi:10.1002/9780470291238.ch42

2007

  • Canfield N.L., J.V. Crum, J. Matyas, A. Bandyopadhyay, K.S. Weil, L.R. Pederson, and J.S. Hardy. 2007. "Sintering of Mixed-Conducting Composites for Hydrogen Membranes From Nanoscale Co-Synthesized Powders." In Processing and manufacturing of advanced materials international conference; THERMEC 2006, Jul 5th, 2006, Vancouver, Canada. Materials Science Forum, 539-543, 1413-1420. Zurich:Trans Tech Publications. PNNL-SA-48245.
  • Hardy J.S., E.C. Thomsen, N.L. Canfield, J.V. Crum, K.S. Weil, and L.R. Pederson. 2007. "Development of Passive Hydrogen Separation Membranes made from Co-Synthesized Nanoscale Cermet Powders." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32. PNNL-SA-48968. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.016
  • Hardy J.S., J.Y. Kim, E.C. Thomsen, and K.S. Weil. 2007. "Improved Wetting of Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conductors Used in Electrochemical Devices with Ternary Reactive Air Braze Filler Metals." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 154, no. 3:P32-P39. PNNL-SA-51501. doi:10.1149/1.2430691
  • Hardy J.S., N.L. Canfield, J.V. Crum, A. Bandyopadhyay, K.S. Weil, and L.R. Pederson. 2007. "Co-synthesis of Mixed Conducting Composites for Hydrogen Separation: Compositional Considerations." In Materials in Clean Power Systems: Applications, Corrosion, and Protection: 2006 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, edited by ZG Yang, KS Weil and MP Brady, 3-14. Warrendale, Pennsylvania:TMS. PNNL-SA-47483.
  • Kim J.Y., J.S. Hardy, and K.S. Weil. 2007. "Ag-Al based air braze for high temperature electrochemical devices." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32, no. 16:3754-3762. PNNL-SA-50903. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.055
  • Kim J.Y., J.S. Hardy, and K.S. Weil. 2007. "Dual atmosphere tolerance of Ag-CuO based air braze." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32, no. 16:3655-3663. PNNL-SA-50902. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.054
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, and J.Y. Kim. 2007. "A New Technique for Joining Ceramic and Metal Components in High Temperature Electrochemical Devices." Journal of Advanced Materials. PNNL-SA-39894.

2006

  • Chou Y.S., J.W. Stevenson, J.S. Hardy, and P. Singh. 2006. "Material Degradation During Isothermal Ageing and Thermal Cycling of Hybrid Mica Seals under Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Exposure Conditions." Journal of Power Sources 157, no. 1:260-270. PNNL-SA-44932. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.027
  • Chou Y.S., J.W. Stevenson, J.S. Hardy, and P. Singh. 2006. "Material Degradation during Isothermal Aging and Thermal Cycling of Hybrid Mica Seal with Ag Interlayer under SOFC Exposure Conditions." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 153, no. 8:A1591-A1598. PNNL-SA-47857.
  • Darsell J.T., J.S. Hardy, J.Y. Kim, and K.S. Weil. 2006. "Investigation of Pd-Modified Ag-CuO Air Braze Filler Metals." In Brazing and Soldering: Proceedings of the 3rd International Brazing and Soldering Conference, April 23-26, 2006, San Antonio, Texas, edited by JJ Stephens and KS Weil, 167-175. Materials Park, Ohio:ASM International. PNNL-SA-47942.
  • Hardy J.S., and K.S. Weil. 2006. "Development of High-Temperature Air Braze Filler Metals for Use in Two-Step Joining and Sealing Processes." Welding Journal 87, no. 8:195-s - 201-s. PNNL-SA-52601.
  • Kim J.Y., J.S. Hardy, and K.S. Weil. 2006. "High temperature tolerance of the silver-copper oxide braze in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 6:1434-1442. PNNL-SA-46689. doi:10.1557/jmr.2006.0178
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, and B.J. Koeppel. 2006. "New sealing concept for planar solid oxide fuel cells." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 15, no. 4:427-432. PNNL-SA-49419.
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, and B.J. Koeppel. 2006. "New Sealing Concept for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 15, no. 4:427-432. PNNL-SA-50955.
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, J.P. Rice, and J.Y. Kim. 2006. "Brazing as a Means of Sealing Ceramic Membranes for Use in Advanced Coal Gasification Processes." Fuel 85, no. 2:156-162. PNNL-SA-42742. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2005.07.023
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, J.P. Rice, and J.Y. Kim. 2006. "Brazing as a Means of Sealing Ceramic Membranes for use in Advanced Coal Gasification Processes." Fuel 85, no. 2:156-162. PNNL-SA-42914.
  • Weil K.S., J.Y. Kim, J.S. Hardy, and J.T. Darsell. 2006. "Improved Wetting Characteristics in TiO2-Modified Ag-CuO Air Braze Filler Metals." In Brazing and Soldering 2006: Proceedings of the 3rd International Brazing and Soldering Conference, April 23-26, 2006, San Antonio, Texas, edited by JJStephens and KS Weil, 120-124. Materials Park, Ohio:ASM International. PNNL-SA-47943.
  • Weil K.S., J.Y. Kim, J.S. Hardy, and J.T. Darsell. 2006. "Improved Wetting Characteristics in TiO2-Modified Ag-CuO Air Braze Filler Metals." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Brazing and Soldering, edited by JJ Stephens and KS Weil, 120-124. Materials Park, Ohio:ASM International. PNNL-SA-47911.
  • Weil K.S., J.Y. Kim, J.S. Hardy, and J.T. Darsell. 2006. "Investigation of Pd-Modified Ag-CuO Air Braze Filler Metals." In Proceedings of the 3rd Internation Conference on Brazing and Soldering, edited by JJ Stephens and KS Weil, 167-175. Materials Park, Ohio:ASM International. PNNL-SA-47912.
  • Weil K.S., J.Y. Kim, J.S. Hardy, and J.T. Darsell. 2006. "The Effect of TiO2 on the Wetting Behavior of Silver-copper Oxide Braze Filler Metals." Scripta Materialia 54, no. 6:1071-1075. PNNL-SA-46329.

2005

  • Coffey G.W., J.S. Hardy, O.A. Marina, L.R. Pederson, P.C. Rieke, and E.C. Thomsen. 2005. "Copper Doped Lanthanum Strontium Ferrite for Reduced Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In Fourteenth International Conference on Solid State Ionics, Jun 22-27 2003, Monterey, CA., USA. Published in Solid State Ionics, 175, 73-78. Amsterdam:Elsevier. PNNL-SA-44931.
  • Darsell J.T., J.S. Hardy, J.Y. Kim, and K.S. Weil. 2005. "Microstructure, Melting and Wetting Properties of Pd-Ag-CuO Air Braze on Alumina." In Surfaces, Interfaces, and the Science of Ceramic Joining: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society. Ceramic Transactions, edited by KS Weil, IE Reimanis and CA Lewisohn, 158, 173-182. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-41074.
  • Hardy J.S., K.S. Weil, J.Y. Kim, and J.T. Darsell. 2005. "Pd-modified Reactive Air Braze for Increased Melting Temperature." In Surfaces, Interfaces, and the Science of Ceramic Joining (Ceramic Transactions Vol. 158), 147-154. Westerville:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-41212.
  • Hardy J.S., K.S. Weil, J.Y. Kim, E.C. Thomsen, and J.T. Darsell. 2005. "TiO2-modified Ag-CuO Reactive Air Brazes for Improved Wettability on Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conductors." In Surfaces, Interfaces, and the Science of Ceramic Joining Published in CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS, 158, 165-171. Westerville:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-41237.
  • Kim J.Y., J.S. Hardy, and K.S. Weil. 2005. "Effects of CuO Content on the Wetting Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Ag-CuO Braze for Ceramic Joining." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88, no. 9:2521-2527. PNNL-SA-39895.
  • Kim J.Y., J.S. Hardy, and K.S. Weil. 2005. "Novel Metal-Ceramic Joining for Planar SOFCs." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 152, no. 6:J52-J58. PNNL-SA-43098.
  • Kim J.Y., J.S. Hardy, and K.S. Weil. 2005. "Silver-Copper Oxide Based Reactive Air Braze (RAB) for Joining Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 3:636-643. PNNL-SA-42714.
  • Kim J.Y., K.S. Weil, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "Reactive Air Brazing for High-Temperature Electrochemical Applications." In ASM Conference Proceedings: Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials VII - Proceedings from Materials Solutions 2004 on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, Oct 18 - 20 2004, Columbus, OH, United States, 8-17. Materials Park, Ohio:ASM International. PNNL-SA-42505.
  • Kim J.Y., K.S. Weil, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "The Effect of High Temperature Exposure in Reducing or Oxidizing Atmosphere on Ceramic Joints Brazed with Silver-Copper Oxide." In Proceedings of the Materials Science and Technology 2005 (MS&T'05) Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 25-28, 2005, 3, 53-60. Warrendale, Pennsylvania:Association for Iron and Steel Technology. PNNL-SA-45922.
  • Kim J.Y., K.S. Weil, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "Wetting and Mechanical Characteristics of the Reactive Air Braze for Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Joining." In Surfaces, Interfaces, and the Science of Ceramic Joining, held 2004 Published in Ceramic Transactions, 158, 101-110. Westerville:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-42507.
  • Lamb M.C., S.J. Camardello, A. Meier, K.S. Weil, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "BRAZING OF POROUS ALUMINA TO MONOLITHIC ALUMINA WITH Ag-CuO and Ag-V2O5 ALLOYS." In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 23-28, 2005, Cocoa Beach, Florida. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings., 26, 391-398. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-45282.
  • Weil K.S., and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "A model cerium oxide matrix composite reinforced with a homogeneous dispersion of silver particulate - prepared using the glycine-nitrate process." In Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites X, Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, April 18-21, 2004, Indianapolis, Indiana. Ceramic Transactions, edited by JP Singh, NP Bansal and WM Kriven, 165, 23-30. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-44929.
  • Weil K.S., and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "USE OF COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS IN PREPARING CERAMIC-MATRIX AND METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE POWDERS." In Trends in Materials and Manufacturing Technologies for Transportation Industries and Powder Metallurgy Research and Development in the Transportation Industry, edited by T.R. Bieler, 341-348. Warrendale, Pennsylvania:Minerals, Metals & Materials Soc. PNNL-SA-42741.
  • Weil K.S., B.J. Koeppel, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "A New Sealing Concept for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials VII: Proceedings from Materials Solutions October 18-20, 2004, Columbus, Ohio, 148-155. Materials Park, Ohio:ASM International. PNNL-SA-43095.
  • Weil K.S., C.A. Coyle, J.S. Hardy, G. Xia, and J.Y. Kim. 2005. "NEW PLANAR SOFC SEALING TECHNIQUES FOR POTENTIAL TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS." In Proceedings of SOFC IX, edited by SC Singhal and J Mizusaki, 2, 1957-1966. Pennington, New Jersey:Electrochemical Society. PNNL-SA-45924.
  • Weil K.S., C.A. Coyle, J.S. Hardy, J.Y. Kim, and G. Xia. 2005. "ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF SEALING PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS." In Developments in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Lithium Ion Batteries, held 2004 Published in Ceramic Transactions, 161, 79-88. Westerville:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-41564.
  • Weil K.S., C.A. Coyle, J.T. Darsell, G. Xia, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "Effects of Thermal Cycling and Thermal Aging on the Hermeticity and Strength of Silver-Copper Oxide Air-Brazed Seals." Journal of Power Sources 152. PNNL-SA-45923.
  • Weil K.S., J.E. Deibler, J.S. Hardy, D. Kim, G. Xia, and C.A. Coyle. 2005. "AN ENGINEERING TEST USEFUL IN DEVELOPING GLASS SEALS FOR PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS." In Surfaces, Interfaces, and the Science of Ceramic Joining, held 2004 Published in Ceramic Transactions, 158, 73-80. Westerville:American Ceramic Society. PNWD-SA-6409.
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, G. Xia, and C.A. Coyle. 2005. "USE OF RUPTURE STRENGTH TESTING IN EXAMINING THE THERMAL CYCLE BEHAVIOR OF VARIOUS TYPES OF PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL SEALS." In Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites. A Collection of Papers Presented at the 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 23-28, 2005, Cocoa Beach, Florida: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, edited by E Lara-Curzio, 26, 149-155. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNWD-SA-6973. doi:10.1002/9780470291221.ch19
  • Weil K.S., J.Y. Kim, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "Interfacial Analysis of (La0.6Sr0.4)(Co0.2Fe0.8)O3-d Substrates Wetted by Ag-CuO." Journal of Materials Science 40, no. 9-10:2341-2348. PNNL-SA-41576. doi:10.1007/s10853-005-1956-1
  • Weil K.S., J.Y. Kim, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "Reactive air brazing: A novel method of sealing SOFCs and other solid-state electrochemical devices." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 8, no. 2:A133-136. PNNL-SA-42748. doi:10.1149/1.1850391
  • Zink N.M., A. Meier, K.S. Weil, and J.S. Hardy. 2005. "REACTIVE AIR BRAZING OF LSCoF AND ALUMINA WITH Ag-V2O5 ALLOYS FOR SOFC APPLICATIONS." In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 23-28, 2005, Cocoa Beach, Florida. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 26, 341-348. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-45286.

2004

  • Coffey G.W., J.S. Hardy, O.A. Marina, L.R. Pederson, P.C. Rieke, and E.C. Thomsen. 2004. "Copper Doped Lanthanum Strontium Ferrite for Reduced Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Solid State Ionics 175, no. 1-4:73-78. PNNL-SA-46526. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2004.09.015
  • Darsell J.T., J.S. Hardy, J.Y. Kim, and K.S. Weil. 2004. "AN INVESTIGATION OF WETTABILITY, AND MICROSTRUCTURE IN ALUMINA JOINTS BRAZED WITH Ag-CuO-TiO2." In Ceramic Transactions: Surfaces, Interfaces, and the Science of Ceramic Joining: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, edited by KS Weil, IE Reimanis and CA Lewinsohn, 158, 65-72. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-41236.
  • Darsell J.T., J.S. Hardy, J.Y. Kim, and K.S. Weil. 2004. "Microstructure, Melting and Wetting Properties of Pd-Ag-CuO Air Braze on Alumina." In Surfaces, Interfaces and Science of Ceramic Joining: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 2004, Ceramic Transactions, edited by KS Weil, IE Reimanis and CA Lewinshohn, 158, 173-182. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-41213.
  • Hardy J.S., J.T. Darsell, C.A. Coyle, J.C. Birnbaum, and K.S. Weil. 2004. "Thermal Cyclability of Reactive Air Braze Seals in Anode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials VI - Proceedings from Materials Solutions 2003 on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, Oct. 13-15 2003, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 51-58. Materials Park, Ohio:ASM International. PNNL-SA-39770.
  • Hardy J.S., J.Y. Kim, and K.S. Weil. 2004. "Joining Mixed Conducting Oxides Using an Air-Fired Electrically Conductive Braze." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 151, no. 8:J48-J49. PNNL-SA-39840.
  • Kim J.Y., J.S. Hardy, and K.S. Weil. 2004. "Use of Aluminum in Air-Brazing Aluminum Oxide." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 6:1717-1722. PNNL-SA-39903.
  • Weil K.S., and J.S. Hardy. 2004. "DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPLIANT SEAL FOR USE IN PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS." In 28th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites A: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, edited by E Lara-Curzio and MJ Readey, 25, 321-326. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-42745. doi:10.1002/9780470291184.ch46
  • Weil K.S., C.A. Coyle, J.S. Hardy, J.Y. Kim, and G. Xia. 2004. "Alternative Planar SOFC Sealing Concepts." Fuel Cells Bulletin 2004, no. 5:11-16. PNNL-SA-41573. doi:10.1016/S1464-2859(04)00188-9
  • Weil K.S., J.E. Deibler, J.S. Hardy, D. Kim, G. Xia, L.A. Chick, and C.A. Coyle. 2004. "Rupture Testing as a Tool for Developing Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Seals." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 13, no. 3:316-326. PNNL-SA-40326.
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, and J.T. Darsell. 2004. "INVESTIGATION OF A NOVEL AIR BRAZING COMPOSITION FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE, OXIDATION-RESISTANT CERAMIC JOINING." In 28th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites A: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, edited by E Lara-Curzio and MJ Readey, 25, 107-112. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNNL-SA-42747. doi:10.1002/9780470291184.ch14
  • Weil K.S., J.T. Darsell, J.S. Hardy, and J.Y. Kim. 2004. "Advances in Air Brazing for Use in Joining and Sealing High-Temperature Gas Separation Membranes." In Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference on Fossil Energy Materials, June 2-4, 2004, Knoxville, Tennessee, edited by RR Judkins and LS Mack, ORNL/R04-1203.5. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-42743.
  • Yang Z., J.S. Hardy, M.S. Walker, G. Xia, S.P. Simner, and J.W. Stevenson. 2004. "Structure and Conductivity of Thermally Grown Scales on Ferritic Fe-Cr-Mn Steel for SOFC Interconnect Applications." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 151. PNNL-SA-39432.

2003

  • Coffey G.W., J.S. Hardy, L.R. Pederson, P.C. Rieke, and E.C. Thomsen. 2003. "Oxygen Reduction Activity of Lanthanum Strontium Nickel Ferrite." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 6, no. 6:A121-A124. PNNL-SA-38106.
  • Coffey G.W., J.S. Hardy, L.R. Pederson, P.C. Rieke, E.C. Thomsen, and M.B. Walpole. 2003. "Electrochemical Properties of Lanthanum Strontium Aluminum Ferrites for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction." Solid State Ionics 158, no. 1-2:1-9. PNNL-SA-36085.
  • Weil K.S., and J.S. Hardy. 2003. "Brazing a Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conductor to an Oxidation Resistant Metal." In Advances in Joining of Ceramics: Proceedings of the Joining of Ceramics Symposium: Held at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, April 28-May 1, 2002, in St. Louis, Missouri., edited by C A Lewinsohn, M Singh, R Loehman, 138, 185-200. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society. PNWD-SA-5672.
  • Weil K.S., and J.S. Hardy. 2003. "Electrically Joining Mixed Conducting Oxides for High Temperature Applications." In Proceedings of the International Brazing and Soldering Conference, February 16-19, 2003, San Diego, California. Miami, Florida:American Welding Society. PNNL-SA-39901.
  • Weil K.S., C.A. Coyle, J.Y. Kim, and J.S. Hardy. 2003. "The Effect of Composition on the Wetting Behavior and Joint Strength of the Ag-CuO Reactive Air Braze." In Solid State Ionics-2002: Symposium held December 2-5, 2002, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., edited by Philippe Knauth; Hubert A Gasteiger, 756, 551-556. Warrendale, Pennsylvania:Materials Research Society. PNNL-SA-37659.
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, and J.Y. Kim. 2003. "Development of a Silver-Copper Oxide Braze for Joining Metallic and Ceramic Components in Electrochemical Devices." In 2nd International Brazing and Soldering Conference, 1.1. Miami, Florida:American Welding Society. PNNL-SA-37202.
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, and J.Y. Kim. 2003. "Development of a Silver-Copper Oxide Braze for Joining Metallic and Ceramic Components in Electrochemical Devices." In Proceedings of the International Brazing and Soldering 2003 Conference, 1.1. Miami, Florida:American Welding Society. PNNL-SA-39900.
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, and J.Y. Kim. 2003. "Development of Brazing Technology for Use in High Temperature Gas Separation Equipment." In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Fossil Energy Materials, April 22-24, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland. Morgantown, West Virginia:National Energy Technology Laboratory. PNNL-SA-39899.
  • Weil K.S., J.S. Hardy, and J.Y. Kim. 2003. "Use of Novel Ceramic-Metal Braze for Joining in High Temperature Electrochemical Devices." In Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials V Proceedings 2002, edited by Indacochea, J. E., 47-55. Materials Park, Ohio:ASM International. PNNL-SA-37164.

2002

  • Coffey G.W., J.S. Hardy, K.D. Meinhardt, O.A. Marina, and S.P. Simner. 2002. "All-Ceramic SOFC Tolerant to Oxygen, Carbon and Sulfur." In 2002 Fuel Cell Seminar: Fuel Cells - Reliable, Clean Energy for the World, November 19-21, 2002, Palm Springs, California., 295-298. Washington, District Of Columbia:Fuel Cell Seminar. PNNL-SA-39163.
  • Weil K.S., and J.S. Hardy. 2002. "Development of a New Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing Technique for Oxygen Separation/Generation Applications." In Proceedings of the 2002 Fossil Energy Conference, April 22-24, 2002, Baltimore, Maryland. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:National Energy Technology Laboratory. PNNL-SA-37773.

2001

  • Simner S.P., J.S. Hardy, and J.W. Stevenson. 2001. "Sintering and Properties of Mixed Lanthanide Chromites." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 148, no. 4:A351-A360. PNNL-SA-33801.

2000

  • Chou Y.S., J.W. Stevenson, T.R. Armstrong, J.S. Hardy, K. Hasinska, and L.R. Pederson. 2000. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of Sm1-xSrxCo0.2Fe0.8O3." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 7:1505-1513. PNNL-SA-32329.
  • Simner S.P., J.S. Hardy, J.W. Stevenson, and T.R. Armstrong. 2000. "Sintering Of Lanthanum Chromite Using Strontium Vanadate." Solid State Ionics 128 (1-4). PNNL-SA-32256.
  • Simner S.P., J.S. Hardy, J.W. Stevenson, and T.R. Armstrong. 2000. "Sintering of Non-Stoichiometric Strontium Doped Lanthanum Chromite." Journal of Materials Science 19, no. 10:863-865. PNNL-SA-30482.
  • Simner S.P., J.W. Stevenson, J.S. Hardy, and L.A. Chick. 2000. "Cost Reduction of Lanthanum Chromite Materials." In 2000 Fuel Cell Seminar, 631-634. Washington, District Of Columbia:Courtesy Associates. PNNL-SA-33985.
  • Simner S.P., J.W. Stevenson, J.S. Hardy, and L.A. Chick. 2000. "Cost Reduction of Lanthanum Chromite Materials." In Fuel cells--powering the 21st Century : 2000 Fuel Cell Seminar, October 30-November 2, 2000, Portland, Oregon, Oregon Convention Center : abstracts, 631-634. Washington, District Of Columbia:Courtesy Associates. PNNL-SA-34229.

1999

  • Armstrong T.R., S.P. Simner, J.S. Hardy, and J.W. Stevenson. 1999. "Optimizing Lanthanum Chromite Interconnects for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In 6th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-VI), 99, 706-715. Pennington, New Jersey:The Electrochemical Society, Inc. PNNL-SA-33987.
  • Simner S.P., J.S. Hardy, J.W. Stevenson, and T.R. Armstrong. 1999. "Sintering and Property Characterization of Strontium-Doped Lanthanum Chromite." In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC VI). Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium, Oct. 17-22, 1999, Honolulu, HI, 696-705. Pennington, New Jersey:The Electrochemical Society, Inc. PNNL-SA-33989.
  • Simner S.P., J.S. Hardy, J.W. Stevenson, and T.R. Armstrong. 1999. "Sintering and Property Characterization of Strontium-Doped Lanthanum Chromite." In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC VI): Proceedings of the 6th International Conference held in Honolulu, October 1999, edited by SC Singhal, M Dokiya, 696-705. Pennington, New Jersey:Electrochemical Society. PNNL-SA-32428.

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