Wei Wang

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 372-4097
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Biography

Dr. Wei Wang is an internationally recognized expert in the field of large-scale energy storage for his innovative work on convectional energy storage technologies. He is currently the director of the Energy Storage Materials Initiative, a multi-million-dollar and multi-year project at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to fundamentally transform the energy material R&D through a physics-informed data-driven approach. He also serves as the chief scientist and technical lead on stationary energy storage R&D at PNNL, which covers a diverse portfolio of redox flow, lithium-ion, and sodium-ion batteries. Dr. Wang joined PNNL in 2009 after receiving Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University.

Dr. Wang is one of the top 1% Highly Cited Researchers in energy storage. He is also the recipient of multiple highly regarded awards, including US EPA Green Chemistry Challenge Award, US DOE ARPA-E OPEN program award, FLC Excellence in Technology Transfer Award, R&D 100 Award, and Ronald L. Brodzinski Early Career Exceptional Achievement Award. His research has been widely covered by highly regarded science media, such as Science, Nature, and R&D magazine. He has received 16 patents with multiple patent applications. The technologies developed by his team have been licensed to the companies in the US and aboard.

Dr. Wang is the co-founder of the International Coalition for Energy Storage and Innovation (ICESI), and currently serves as ICESI’s general secretory. He is also an active conference/symposium organizer in the area of energy storage for several professional organizations including MRS, ECS, and NAATBatt.

Research Interests

Material science and electrochemistry.
Materials development and system integration of various energy storage systems
Data-driven energy materials research
Innovative energy storage technologies

Education and Credentials

Ph.D., Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University
M.S., Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University
B.A., Ceramic Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology

Affiliations and Professional Service

Materials Research Society (MRS)
The Electrochemical Society (ECS)
Actively serves in various committees in MRS and ECS. Frequent conference and symposium organizer for ICESI, MRS, ECS, and NAATBatt.
Proposal reviewer for various DOE and NSF programs
Journal reviewer for Nature, Science, Nature Energy, Nature Communications, Joule, Chem, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Nano Letters, Advanced Materials, Advanced Energy Materials, Energy & Environmental Science, etc.

Awards and Recognitions

2018 Clarivate 1% Highly Cited Researcher
2017 US EPA Green Chemistry Challenge Award
2015 Awardee of US DOE ARPA-E’s OPEN 2015 program
2015 Publication of The Year Award from PNNL
2014 FLC Far West Region Outstanding Technology Development
2013 FLC Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer
2012 Ronald L. Brodzinski Award for Early Career Exceptional Achievement
2012 R&D 100 Award
2012 PNNL Exceptional Contribution Award
2012~2019 PNNL Key Contributor Award

PNNL Patents

U.S. Patent No. 11,591,294, February 28, 2023, "FLUORENONE/FLUORENOL DERIVATIVES FOR AQUEOUS REDOX FLOW BATTERIES".
U.S. Patent No. 11,532,832, December 20, 2022, "ALL-VANADIUM SULFATE ACID REDOX FLOW BATTERY SYSTEM".
U.S. Patent No. 11,415,552, August 16, 2022, "IN OPERANDO, NON-INVASIVE STATE-OF-CHARGE MONITORING FOR REDOX FLOW BATTERIES".
U.S. Patent No. 11,050,078, June 29, 2021, " SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF DECOUPLED HYDROGEN GENERATION USING ENERGY-BEARING REDOX PAIRS ".
U.S. Patent No. 11,050,076, June 29, 2021, "Flow Cell Systems, Flow Cell Batteries, and Hydrogen Production Processes".
U.S. Patent No. 11,043,686, June 22, 2021, "SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF LONG-DURATION ENERGY STORAGE AND REGENERATION OF ENERGY-BEARING REDOX PAIRS ".
U.S. Patent No. 10,673,090, June 2, 2020, "All-vanadium sulfate acid redox flow battery system".
U.S. Patent No. 10,454,124, October 22, 2019, "HIGHLY STABLE PHENAZINE DERIVATIVES FOR AQUEOUS REDOX FLOW BATTERIES ".
U.S. Patent No. 10,381,667, August 13, 2019, "HIGH PERFORMANCE REDOX FLOW BATTERY STACK ".
U.S. Patent No. 9,960,443, May 1, 2018, "Redox Flow Batteries Having Multiple Electroactive Elements".
U.S. Patent No. 9,819,039, November 14, 2017, "REDOX FLOW BATTERIES BASED ON SUPPORTING SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CHLORIDE".
U.S. Patent No. 9,793,566, October 17, 2017, "AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES FOR REDOX FLOW BATTERY SYSTEMS".
U.S. Patent No. 9,748,595, August 29, 2017, "High-Energy-Density, Aqueous, Metal-Polyiodide Redox Flow Batteries ".
U.S. Patent No. 9,236,620, January 12, 2016, "Composite Separators and Redox Flow Batteries Based on Porous Separators".
U.S. Patent No. 9,130,218, September 8, 2015, "Hybrid Energy Storage System Utilizing Redox Active Organic Compounds ".
U.S. Patent No. 9,123,931, September 1, 2015, "Redox Flow Batteries Based on Supporting Solutions Containing Chloride".
U.S. Patent No. 9,077,011, July 7, 2015, " REDOX FLOW BATTERIES BASED ON SUPPORTING SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CHLORIDE ".
U.S. Patent No. 9,023,529, May 5, 2015, "Nanomaterials for Sodium-Ion Batteries".
U.S. Patent No. 8,771,856, July 8, 2014, "Fe-V Redox Flow Batteries".
U.S. Patent No. 8,628,880, January 14, 2014, "REDOX FLOW BATTERIES BASED ON SUPPORTING SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CHLORIDE".

PNNL Publications

2024

Chen Y., C. Zeng, Y. Fu, J. Bao, P. Gao, J.Q. Chen, and Z. Xu, et al. 2024. Evaluating large scale aqueous organic redox flow battery performance with a hybrid numerical and machine learning framework. PNNL-36650. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Evaluating large scale aqueous organic redox flow battery performance with a hybrid numerical and machine learning framework
Dean W., M. Munoz, J. Noh, Y. Liang, W. Wang, and B. Gurkan. 2024. "Tuning and high throughput experimental screening of eutectic electrolytes with co-solvents for redox flow batteries." Electrochimica Acta 474. PNNL-SA-194516. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143517
Martin W.A., H.M. Job, Y. Liang, R. Feng, P. Gao, D. Liu, and L. Zhong, et al. 2024. "High Throughput Electrochemical Screening of Phosphate-Rich Nonflammable Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries." Journal of Electrochemical Society 171, no. 9:090526. PNNL-SA-188369. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad7c81

2023

Chen Y., J. Bao, Z. Xu, P. Gao, L. Yan, S. Kim, and W. Wang. 2023. "A hybrid analytical and numerical model for cross-over and performance decay in a unit cell vanadium redox flow battery." Journal of Power Sources 578. PNNL-SA-181017. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233210
Feng R., Y. Chen, X. Zhang, B. Rousseau, P. Gao, P. Chen, and S.T. Mergelsberg, et al. 2023. "Proton-regulated alcohol oxidation for high-capacity ketone-based flow battery anolyte." Joule 7, no. 7:1609-1622. PNNL-SA-174628. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.013
Fu Y., J. Bao, C. Zeng, Y. Chen, Z. Xu, S. Kim, and W. Wang. 2023. "A Three-Dimensional Pore-scale Model for Redox Flow Battery Electrode Design Analysis." Journal of Power Sources 556. PNNL-SA-175492. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232329
Kim S., L. Yan, and W. Wang. 2023. "Asymmetric vanadium-based aqueous flow batteries." In Flow Batteries: From Fundamentals to Applications, edited by C. Roth, J. Noack, and M. Skyllas-Kazacos. 689-708. PNNL-SA-181361. doi:10.1002/9783527832767
Liang Y., H.M. Job, R. Feng, F.C. Parks, A.M. Hollas, X. Zhang, and M.E. Bowden, et al. 2023. "High-throughput solubility determination for data-driven materials design and discovery in redox flow battery research." Cell Reports Physical Science 4, no. 10:Art. No. 101633. PNNL-SA-182963. doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101633
Lim H., C. Venkata Subban, D. Nguyen, T.S. Nasoetion, T. Liu, K. Han, and B. Modachur Sivakumar, et al. 2023. Room Temperature Electrorefining of Rare Earth Metals from End-of-use Nd-Fe-B Magnets. PNNL-34948. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Room Temperature Electrorefining of Rare Earth Metals from End-of-use Nd-Fe-B Magnets
Lim H., W. Kwak, D. Nguyen, W. Wang, W. Xu, and J. Zhang. 2023. "Three-Dimensionally Semi-Ordered Macroporous Air Electrodes for Metal-Oxygen Batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11, no. 11:5746-5753. PNNL-SA-180310. doi:10.1039/D2TA09442H
Liu J., Z. Zhang, X. Li, M. Zong, Y. Wang, S. Wang, and P. Chen, et al. 2023. "Machine Learning Assisted Phase and Size-Controlled Synthesis of Iron Oxide Particles." Chemical Engineering Journal 473. PNNL-SA-188720. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.145216
Yan L., X. Zang, Z. Nie, L. Zhong, Z. Deng, and W. Wang. 2023. "Online and Noninvasive Monitoring of Battery Health at Negative-half Cell in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Using Ultrasound." Journal of Power Sources 580. PNNL-SA-174447. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233417

2022

Feng S., R.K. Singh, Z. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Fu, J. Bao, and Z. Xu, et al. 2022. "Low-Tortuous and Dense Single-Particle-Layer Electrode for High-Energy Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." Energy & Environmental Science 15, no. 9:3842-3853. PNNL-SA-161239. doi:10.1039/D2EE01442D
Gao P., A. Andersen, J.P. Sepulveda, G.U. Panapitiya, A.M. Hollas, E.G. Saldanha, and V. Murugesan, et al. 2022. "SOMAS: a platform for data-driven material discovery in redox flow battery development." Scientific Data 9. PNNL-SA-161978. doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01814-4
Hou S., L. Chen, X. Fan, X. Fan, X. Ji, B. Wang, and C. Cui, et al. 2022. "High-Energy and Low-Cost Membrane-free Chlorine Flow Battery." Nature Communications 13. PNNL-SA-158978. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28880-x
Howard A.A., T. Yu, W. Wang, and A.M. Tartakovsky. 2022. "Physics-informed CoKriging model of a redox flow battery." Journal of Power Sources 542. PNNL-SA-162807. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231668
Panapitiya G.U., M.K. Girard, A.M. Hollas, J.P. Sepulveda, V. Murugesan, W. Wang, and E.G. Saldanha. 2022. "Evaluation of Deep Learning Architectures for Aqueous Solubility Prediction." ACS Omega 7, no. 18:15695-15710. PNNL-SA-161618. doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c00642
Zeng C., S. Kim, Y. Chen, Y. Fu, J. Bao, Z. Xu, and W. Wang. 2022. "Characterization of electrochemical behavior for aqueous organic redox flow batteries." Journal of Electrochemical Society 169, no. 12:Art. No. 120527. PNNL-SA-178207. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/acadad
Zhou J., P. Chen, W. Wang, and X. Zhang. 2022. "Li7P3S11 electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries: structure, synthesis, and applications." Chemical Engineering Journal 446, no. Part 1:Art. No. 137041. PNNL-SA-168712. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137041

2021

Chen Y., J. Bao, Z. Xu, P. Gao, L. Yan, S. Kim, and W. Wang. 2021. "A two-dimensional analytical unit cell model for redox flow battery evaluation and optimization." Journal of Power Sources 506. PNNL-SA-159241. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230192
Chen Y., Z. Xu, C. Wang, J. Bao, B.J. Koeppel, L. Yan, and P. Gao, et al. 2021. "Analytical modeling for redox flow battery design." Journal of Power Sources 482. PNNL-SA-150736. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228817
Feng R., X. Zhang, V. Murugesan, A.M. Hollas, Y. Chen, Y. Shao, and E.D. Walter, et al. 2021. "Reversible Ketone Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries." Science 372, no. 6544:836-840. PNNL-SA-154606. doi:10.1126/science.abd9795
Gao P., X. Yang, Y. Tang, M. Zheng, A. Andersen, V. Murugesan, and A.M. Hollas, et al. 2021. "Graphical Gaussian Process Regression Model for Aqueous Solvation Free Energy Prediction of Organic Molecules in Redox Flow Battery." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 43:24892-24904. PNNL-SA-161057. doi:10.1039/D1CP04475C
Murugesan V., Z. Nie, X. Zhang, P. Gao, Z. Zhu, Q. Huang, and L. Yan, et al. 2021. "Accelerated design of vanadium redox flow battery electrolytes through tunable solvation chemistry." Cell Reports Physical Science 2, no. 2:Article No. 100323. PNNL-SA-161062. doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100323
Nambukara Wellala N.P., A.M. Hollas, K. Duanmu, V. Murugesan, X. Zhang, R. Feng, and Y. Shao, et al. 2021. "Decomposition pathways and mitigation strategies for highly-stable hydroxyphenazine flow battery anolytes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 38:21918-21928. PNNL-SA-161713. doi:10.1039/D1TA03655F
Wang W. 2021. "A Membrane with Repelling Power." Nature Energy 6, no. 5:452-453. PNNL-SA-160127. doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00811-y

2020

Bao J., V. Murugesan, C.J. Kamp, Y. Shao, L. Yan, and W. Wang. 2020. "Machine learning coupled multi-scale modeling for redox flow batteries." Advanced Theory and Simulations 3, no. 2:Article No. 1900167. PNNL-SA-148857. doi:10.1002/adts.201900167
Zhang L., Y. Qian, R. Feng, Y. Ding, X. Zu, C. Zhang, and X. Guo, et al. 2020. "Reversible redox chemistry in azobenzene-based organic molecules for high-capacity and long-life nonaqueous redox flow batteries." Nature Communications 11, no. 1:Article No. 3843. PNNL-SA-152812. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17662-y

2019

Zang X., L. Yan, Y. Yang, H. Pan, Z. Nie, K. Jung, and Z. Deng, et al. 2019. "Monitoring the state-of-charge of a vanadium redox flow battery with the acoustic attenuation coefficient: an in operando noninvasive method." Small Methods 3, no. 12:1900494. PNNL-SA-141602. doi:10.1002/smtd.201900494

2018

Duan W., B. Li, D. Lu, X. Wei, Z. Nie, V. Murugesan, and J.P. Kizewski, et al. 2018. "Towards an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with Higher Theoretical Volumetric Capacities by Utilizing the VO2+/V3+ Couple." Journal of Energy Chemistry 27, no. 5:1381-1385. PNNL-SA-127931. doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2018.05.020
Hollas A.M., X. Wei, V. Murugesan, Z. Nie, B. Li, D.M. Reed, and J. Liu, et al. 2018. "A biomimetic high-capacity phenazine-based anolyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries." Nature Energy 3, no. 6:508-514. PNNL-SA-130788. doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0167-3
Huang J., Z. Yang, V. Murugesan, W. Duan, A.M. Hollas, B. Pan, and W. Wang, et al. 2018. "A Two-Electron Storage Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery." Advanced Sustainable Systems 2, no. 3:1700131. PNNL-SA-128375. doi:10.1002/adsu.201700131
Xie C., H. Zhang, W. Xu, W. Wang, and X. Li. 2018. "A Long Cycle Life, Self-Healing Zinc-Iodine Flow Battery with High Power Density." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 35:11171-11176. PNNL-SA-131307. doi:10.1002/anie.201803122
Xu P., C. Xie, C. Wang, Q. Lai, W. Wang, H. Zhang, and X. Li. 2018. "A membrane-free Interfacial Battery with High Energy Density." Chemical Communications 54, no. 82:11626-11629. PNNL-SA-129368. doi:10.1039/c8cc06048g

2017

Duan W., J. Huang, J.A. Kowalski, I.A. Shkrob, V. Murugesan, E.D. Walter, and B. Pan, et al. 2017. "“Wine-Dark Sea” in An Organic Flow Battery: Storing Negative Charge in 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole Radicals Leads to Improved Cyclability." ACS Energy Letters 2, no. 5:1156-1161. PNNL-SA-120607. doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00261
Wei X., W. Pan, W. Duan, A.M. Hollas, Z. Yang, B. Li, and Z. Nie, et al. 2017. "Materials and Systems for Organic Flow Batteries: Status and Challenges." ACS Energy Letters 2, no. 9:2187-2204. PNNL-SA-128015. doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00650
Zhang J., Z. Yang, I.A. Shkrob, R.S. Assary, S. Tung, B. Silcox, and W. Duan, et al. 2017. "Annulated dialkoxybenzenes as catholyte materials for nonaqueous redox flow batteries: achieving high chemical stability through bicyclic substitution." Advanced Energy Materials 7, no. 21:1701272. PNNL-SA-125834. doi:10.1002/aenm.201701272

2016

Cheng Y., L. Luo, L. Zhong, J. Chen, B. Li, W. Wang, and S.X. Mao, et al. 2016. "Highly Reversible Zinc-ion Intercalation with Chevrel Phase Mo6S8 Nanocubes and Applications for Advanced Zinc-ion Batteries." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8, no. 22:13673-13677. PNNL-SA-116513. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b03197
Deng X., M.Y. Hu, X. Wei, W. Wang, K.T. Mueller, Z. Chen, and J.Z. Hu. 2016. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Solvation Structures of a High-Performance Nonaqueous Redox Flow Electrolyte." Journal of Power Sources 308. PNNL-SA-113232. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.005
Duan W., V.S. Vemuri, J.D. Milshtein, S. Laramie, R.D. Dmello, J. Huang, and L. Zhang, et al. 2016. "A Symmetric Organic - Based Nonaqueous Redox Flow Battery and Its State of Charge Diagnostics by FTIR." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 15:5448-5456. PNNL-SA-115896. doi:10.1039/c6ta01177b
Estevez L., D.M. Reed, Z. Nie, A.M. Schwarz, M.I. Nandasiri, J.P. Kizewski, and W. Wang, et al. 2016. "Tunable oxygen functional groups as electro-catalysts on graphite felt surfaces for all vanadium flow batteries." ChemSusChem 9, no. 12:1455-1461. PNNL-SA-113820. doi:10.1002/cssc.201600198
Han K., N. Rajput, M. Vijayakumar, X. Wei, W. Wang, J.Z. Hu, and K.A. Persson, et al. 2016. "Preferential Solvation of an Asymmetric Redox Molecule." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 49:27834-27839. PNNL-SA-113547. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09114
Huang J., B. Pan, W. Duan, X. Wei, R.S. Assary, L. Su, and F. Brushett, et al. 2016. "The lightest organic radical cation for charge storage in redox flow batteries." Scientific Reports 6. PNNL-SA-114980. doi:10.1038/srep32102
Li B., J. Liu, Z. Nie, W. Wang, D.M. Reed, J. Liu, and B.P. McGrail, et al. 2016. "Metal-organic frameworks as highly active electrocatalysts for high-energy density, aqueous zinc-polyiodide redox flow batteries." Nano Letters 16, no. 7:4335-4340. PNNL-SA-116994. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01426
Liu T.L., X. Wei, Z. Nie, V.L. Sprenkle, and W. Wang. 2016. "A Total Organic Aqueous Redox Flow Battery Employing Low Cost and Sustainable Methyl Viologen Anolyte and 4-HO-TEMPO Catholyte." Advanced Energy Materials 6, no. 3:Article No. 1501449. PNNL-SA-110796. doi:10.1002/aenm.201501449
Park M., J. Ryu, W. Wang, and J. Cho. 2016. "Material design and engineering of next-generation flow-battery technologies." Nature Reviews Materials 2. PNNL-SA-119674. doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.80
Reed D.M., E.C. Thomsen, B. Li, W. Wang, Z. Nie, B.J. Koeppel, and J.P. Kizewski, et al. 2016. "Stack Developments in a kW class all vanadium mixed acid redox flow battery at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 163, no. 1:A5211-A5219. PNNL-SA-112057. doi:10.1149/2.0281601jes
Reed D.M., E.C. Thomsen, B. Li, W. Wang, Z. Nie, B.J. Koeppel, and V.L. Sprenkle. 2016. "Performance of a Low Cost Interdigitated Flow Design on a 1 kW Class All Vanadium Mixed Acid Redox Flow Battery." Journal of Power Sources 306. PNNL-SA-112126. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.089
Vijayakumar M., Q. Luo, R.B. Lloyd, Z. Nie, X. Wei, B. Li, and V.L. Sprenkle, et al. 2016. "Tuning the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane morphology for vanadium redox flow batteries." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8, no. 50:34327-34334. PNNL-SA-115747. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b10744
Wang W., and V.L. Sprenkle. 2016. "Energy storage: Redox Flow Batteries Go Organic." Nature Chemistry 8, no. 3:204-206. PNNL-SA-115256. doi:10.1038/nchem.2466
Wei X., W. Duan, J. Huang, L. Zhang, B. Li, D.M. Reed, and W. Xu, et al. 2016. "A High-Current, Stable Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery." ACS Energy Letters 1, no. 4:705-711. PNNL-SA-112127. doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00255
Xiao L., Y. Cao, W.A. Henderson, M.L. Sushko, Y. Shao, J. Xiao, and W. Wang, et al. 2016. "Hard carbon nanoparticles as high-capacity, high-stability anodic materials for Na-ion batteries." Nano Energy 19. PNNL-SA-115004. doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.10.034

2015

Cosimbescu L., X. Wei, M. Vijayakumar, W. Xu, M.L. Helm, S.D. Burton, and C.M. Sorensen, et al. 2015. "Anion-Tunable Properties and Electrochemical Performance of Functionalized Ferrocene Compounds." Scientific Reports 5. PNNL-SA-104406. doi:10.1038/srep14117
Crawford A.J., V.V. Viswanathan, D.E. Stephenson, W. Wang, E.C. Thomsen, D.M. Reed, and B. Li, et al. 2015. "Comparative analysis for various redox flow batteries chemistries using a cost performance model." Journal of Power Sources 293. PNNL-SA-108277. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.066
Deng X., M.Y. Hu, X. Wei, W. Wang, Z. Chen, J. Liu, and J.Z. Hu. 2015. "Natural Abundance 17O Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Computational Modeling Studies of Lithium Based Liquid Electrolytes." Journal of Power Sources 285. PNNL-SA-105759. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.091
Li B., Z. Nie, M. Vijayakumar, G. Li, J. Liu, V.L. Sprenkle, and W. Wang. 2015. "Ambipolar zinc-polyiodide electrolyte for a high-energy density aqueous redox flow battery." Nature Communications 6. PNNL-SA-103966. doi:10.1038/ncomms7303
Reed D.M., E.C. Thomsen, W. Wang, Z. Nie, B. Li, X. Wei, and B.J. Koeppel, et al. 2015. "Performance of Nafion� N115, Nafion� NR-212, and Nafion� NR-211 in a 1 kW Class All Vanadium Mixed Acid Redox Flow Battery." Journal of Power Sources 285. PNNL-SA-108089. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.099
Shao Y., Y. Cheng, W. Duan, W. Wang, Y. Lin, Y. Wang, and J. Liu. 2015. "Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells and Redox Flow Batteries: a Selected Review." ACS Catalysis 5, no. 12:7288-7298. PNNL-SA-112187. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b01737
Vijayakumar M., N. Govind, B. Li, X. Wei, Z. Nie, S. Thevuthasan, and V.L. Sprenkle, et al. 2015. "Aqua-vanadyl ion interaction with Nafion� membranes." Frontiers in Energy Research 3. PNNL-SA-108088. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2015.00010
Vijayakumar M., Z. Nie, E.D. Walter, J.Z. Hu, J. Liu, V.L. Sprenkle, and W. Wang. 2015. "Understanding Aqueous Electrolyte Stability through Combined Computational and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Case Study on Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electrolytes." ChemPlusChem 80, no. 2:428-437. PNNL-SA-102555. doi:10.1002/cplu.201402139
Wei X., B. Li, and W. Wang. 2015. "Porous Polymeric Composite Separators for Redox Flow Batteries." Polymer Reviews 55, no. 2:247-272. PNNL-SA-103480. doi:10.1080/15583724.2015.1011276
Wei X., G. Xia, B.W. Kirby, E.C. Thomsen, B. Li, Z. Nie, and G.L. Graff, et al. 2015. "An Aqueous Redox Flow Battery Based on Neutral Alkali Metal Ferri/ferrocyanide and Polysulfide Electrolytes." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 163, no. 1:A5150-A5153. PNNL-SA-93471. doi:10.1149/2.0221601jes
Wei X., L. Cosimbescu, W. Xu, J.Z. Hu, M. Vijayakumar, J. Feng, and M.Y. Hu, et al. 2015. "Towards High-Performance Nonaqueous Redox Flow Electrolyte through Ionic Modification of Active Species." Advanced Energy Materials 5, no. 1:Article No. 1400678. PNNL-SA-97506. doi:10.1002/aenm.201400678
Wei X., W. Xu, J. Huang, L. Zhang, E.D. Walter, C.W. Lawrence, and M. Vijayakumar, et al. 2015. "Radical Compatibility with Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Its Impact on an All-Organic Redox Flow Battery." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 127, no. 30:8808-8811. PNNL-SA-107928. doi:10.1002/ange.201501443

2014

Han K., N. Rajput, X. Wei, W. Wang, J.Z. Hu, K.A. Persson, and K.T. Mueller. 2014. "Diffusional Motion of Redox Centers in Carbonate Electrolytes." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 10:104509. PNNL-SA-103453. doi:10.1063/1.4894481
Ji L., M. Gu, Y. Shao, X. Li, M.H. Engelhard, B.W. Arey, and W. Wang, et al. 2014. "Controlling SEI Formation on SnSb-Porous Carbon Nanofibers for Improved Na Ion Storage." Advanced Materials 26, no. 18:2901-2908. PNNL-SA-98915. doi:10.1002/adma.201304962
Li B., M. Gu, Z. Nie, X. Wei, C.M. Wang, V.L. Sprenkle, and W. Wang. 2014. "Nanorod Niobium Oxide as Powerful Catalysts for an All Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." Nano Letters 14, no. 1:158-165. PNNL-SA-98433. doi:10.1021/nl403674a
Li B., Q. Luo, X. Wei, Z. Nie, E.C. Thomsen, B. Chen, and V.L. Sprenkle, et al. 2014. "Capacity Decay Mechanism of Microporous Separator-Based All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries and its Recovery." ChemSusChem 7, no. 2:577-584. PNNL-SA-94959. doi:10.1002/cssc.201300706
Viswanathan V.V., A.J. Crawford, D.E. Stephenson, S. Kim, W. Wang, B. Li, and G.W. Coffey, et al. 2014. "Cost and Performance Model for Redox Flow Batteries." Journal of Power Sources 247. PNNL-SA-91534. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.12.023
Wang W., X. Wei, D. Choi, X. Lu, G. Yang, and C. Sun. 2014. "Electrochemical cells for medium- and large-scale energy storage." In Advances in Batteries for Medium and Large-Scale Energy Storage, edited by C Menictas, M Skyllas-Kazacos and LT Mariana. 3-28. Waltham, Massachusetts:Woodhead Publishing. PNNL-SA-100840.

2013

Kim S., E.C. Thomsen, G. Xia, Z. Nie, J. Bao, K.P. Recknagle, and W. Wang, et al. 2013. "1 kW / 1kWh Advanced Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Utilizing Mixed Acid Electrolytes." Journal of Power Sources 237. PNNL-SA-92689. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.02.045
Li B., L. Li, W. Wang, Z. Nie, B. Chen, X. Wei, and Q. Luo, et al. 2013. "Fe/V Redox Flow Battery Electrolyte Investigation and Optimization." Journal of Power Sources 229. PNNL-SA-89815. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.119
Li B., M. Gu, Z. Nie, Y. Shao, Q. Luo, X. Wei, and X. Li, et al. 2013. "Bismuth Nanoparticle Decorating Graphite Felt as a High-Performance Electrode for an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." Nano Letters 13, no. 3:1330-1335. PNNL-SA-92494. doi:10.1021/nl400223v
Luo Q., L. Li, W. Wang, Z. Nie, X. Wei, B. Li, and B. Chen, et al. 2013. "Capacity Decay and Remediation of Nafion-based All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries." ChemSusChem 6, no. 2:268-274. PNNL-SA-89997. doi:10.1002/cssc.201200730
Sprenkle V.L., W. Wang, Q. Luo, X. Wei, B. Li, Z. Nie, and B. Chen, et al. 2013. "Redox Flow Battery Development for Stationary Energy Storage Applications at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory." In International Flow Battery Forum, June 26-27, 2013, Dublin, Ireland, edited by A. Price and J. Cainey, 48-49. Malmesbury:Swanbarton Limited. PNNL-SA-95927.
Vijayakumar M., W. Wang, Z. Nie, V.L. Sprenkle, and J.Z. Hu. 2013. "Elucidating the Higher Stability of Vanadium (V) Cations in Mixed Acid Based Redox Flow Battery Electrolytes." Journal of Power Sources 241. PNNL-SA-95082. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.072
Wang W., D. Choi, and Z. Yang. 2013. "Li-Ion Battery with LiFePO4 Cathode and Li4Ti5O12 Anode for Stationary Energy Storage." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 44A, no. 1 Supplement:21-25. PNNL-SA-74420. doi:10.1007/s11661-012-1284-4
Wang W., Q. Luo, B. Li, X. Wei, L. Li, and Z. Yang. 2013. "Recent Progress in Redox Flow Battery Research and Development." Advanced Functional Materials 23, no. 8:970-986. PNNL-SA-86016. doi:10.1002/adfm.201200694
Wei X., Q. Luo, B. Li, Z. Nie, E. Miller, J. Chambers, and V.L. Sprenkle, et al. 2013. "Performance Evaluation of Microporous Separator in Fe/V Redox Flow Battery." ECS Transactions 45, no. 26:17-24. PNNL-SA-88565. doi:10.1149/04526.0017ecst
Wei X., Z. Nie, Q. Luo, B. Li, B. Chen, K.L. Simmons, and V.L. Sprenkle, et al. 2013. "Nanoporous Polytetrafluoroethylene/Silica Composite Separator as a High-Performance All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Membrane." Advanced Energy Materials 3, no. 9:1215-1220. PNNL-SA-91588. doi:10.1002/aenm.201201112
Wei X., Z. Nie, Q. Luo, B. Li, V.L. Sprenkle, and W. Wang. 2013. "Polyvinyl Chloride/Silica Nanoporous Composite Separator for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 160, no. 8:A1215 - A1218. PNNL-SA-92548.
Xu W., X. Chen, W. Wang, D. Choi, F. Ding, J. Zheng, and Z. Nie, et al. 2013. "Simply AlF3-treated Li4Ti5O12 composite anode materials for stable and ultrahigh power lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Power Sources 236. PNNL-SA-91887. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.02.055

2012

Cao Y., L. Xiao, M.L. Sushko, W. Wang, B. Schwenzer, J. Xiao, and Z. Nie, et al. 2012. "Sodium Ion Insertion in Hollow Carbon Nanowires for Battery Applications." Nano Letters 12, no. 7:3783-3787. PNNL-SA-88364. doi:10.1021/nl3016957
Ding F., W. Xu, D. Choi, W. Wang, X. Li, M.H. Engelhard, and X. Chen, et al. 2012. "Enhanced performance of graphite anode materials by AlF3 coating for lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 25:12745-12751. PNNL-SA-85418. doi:10.1039/c2jm31015e
Li X., P. Meduri, X. Chen, W.N. Qi, M.H. Engelhard, W. Xu, and F. Ding, et al. 2012. "Hollow Core-Shell Structured Porous Si-C Nanocomposites for Li-Ion Battery Anodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 22:11014-11017. PNNL-SA-85843. doi:10.1039/C2JM31286G
Luo Q., L. Li, Z. Nie, W. Wang, X. Wei, B. Li, and B. Chen, et al. 2012. "In-situ Investigation of Vanadium Ion Transport in Redox Flow Battery." Journal of Power Sources 218, no. 1:15-20. PNNL-SA-87264. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.066
Stephenson D.E., S. Kim, F. Chen, E.C. Thomsen, V.V. Viswanathan, W. Wang, and V.L. Sprenkle. 2012. "Electrochemical Model of the Fe/V Redox Flow Battery." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 159, no. 12:A1993-A2000. PNNL-SA-88363. doi:10.1149/2.052212jes
Wang W., L. Li, Z. Nie, B. Chen, Q. Luo, Y. Shao, and X. Wei, et al. 2012. "A New Hybrid Redox Flow Battery with Multiple Redox Couples." Journal of Power Sources 216. PNNL-SA-84238. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.032
Wang W., W. Xu, L. Cosimbescu, D. Choi, L. Li, and Z. Yang. 2012. "Anthraquinone with Tailored Structure for Nonaqueous Metal-Organic Redox Flow Battery." Chemical Communications 48, no. 53:6669-6671. PNNL-SA-87199. doi:10.1039/C2CC32466K
Wang W., Z. Nie, B. Chen, F. Chen, Q. Luo, X. Wei, and G. Xia, et al. 2012. "A New Fe/V Redox Flow Battery Using Sulfuric/Chloric Mixed Acid Supporting Electrolyte." Advanced Energy Materials 2, no. 4:487-493. PNNL-SA-81184. doi:10.1002/aenm.201100527
Wei X., L. Li, Q. Luo, Z. Nie, W. Wang, B. Li, and G. Xia, et al. 2012. "Microporous Separators for Fe/V Redox Flow Batteries." Journal of Power Sources 218, no. 1:39-45. PNNL-SA-86902. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.073
Xiao L., Y. Cao, J. Xiao, W. Wang, L. Kovarik, Z. Nie, and J. Liu. 2012. "High capacity, reversible alloying reactions in SnSb/C nanocomposites for Na-ion battery applications." Chemical Communications 48, no. 27:3321-3323. PNNL-SA-85851. doi:10.1039/C2CC17129E
Zhang J., W. Wang, J. Xiao, W. Xu, G.L. Graff, Z. Yang, and D. Choi, et al. 2012. "Silicon Based Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. New York, New York:Springer. PNNL-SA-75702.

2011

Cao Y., L. Xiao, W. Wang, D. Choi, Z. Nie, J. Yu, and L.V. Saraf, et al. 2011. "Reversible Sodium Ion Insertion in Single Crystalline Manganese Oxide Nanowires with Long Cycle Life." Advanced Materials 23, no. 28:3155-3160. PNNL-SA-78702. doi:10.1002/adma.201100904
Choi D., J. Xiao, Y. Choi, J.S. Hardy, M. Vijayakumar, M.S. Bhuvaneswari, and J. Liu, et al. 2011. "Thermal Stability and Phase Transformation of Electrochemically Charged/Discharged LiMnPO4 Cathode for Li-Ion Battery." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 11:4560-4566. PNNL-SA-79713. doi:10.1039/C1EE01501J
Choi D., W. Wang, and Z. Yang. 2011. "Material Challenges and Perspectives." In Lithium Ion Batteries: Advanced Materials and Technologies, edited by X Yuan, et al. 1-50. Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press. PNNL-SA-76721.
Li L., S. Kim, W. Wang, M. Vijayakumar, Z. Nie, B. Chen, and J. Zhang, et al. 2011. "A Stable Vanadium Redox-Flow Battery with High Energy Density for Large-scale Energy Storage." Advanced Energy Materials 1, no. 3:394-400. PNNL-SA-75871.
Wang W., S. Kim, B. Chen, Z. Nie, J. Zhang, G. Xia, and L. Li, et al. 2011. "A New Redox Flow Battery Using Fe/V Redox Couples in Chloride Supporting Electrolyte." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 10:4068-4073. PNNL-SA-76658. doi:10.1039/C0EE00765J
Zhang J., L. Li, Z. Nie, B. Chen, M. Vijayakumar, S. Kim, and W. Wang, et al. 2011. "Effects of additives on the stability of electrolytes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 41, no. 10 - Special Issue S1:1215-1221. PNNL-SA-76986. doi:10.1007/s10800-011-0312-1

2010

Choi D., D. Wang, I. Bae, J. Xiao, Z. Nie, W. Wang, and V.V. Viswanathan, et al. 2010. "LiMnPO4 Nanoplate Grown via Solid-State Reaction in Molten Hydrocarbon for Li-ion Battery Cathode." Nano Letters 10, no. 8:2799-2805. PNNL-SA-70835. doi:10.1021/nl1007085
Xiao J., W. Xu, D. Wang, D. Choi, W. Wang, X. Li, and G.L. Graff, et al. 2010. "Stabilization of Silicon Anode for Li-Ion Batteries." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157, no. 10:A1047-A1051. PNNL-SA-72047. doi:10.1149/1.3464767
Xu T., W. Wang, M. Gordin, D. Wang, and D. Choi. 2010. "Lithium-ion Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage." JOM. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 62, no. 9:24-30. PNNL-SA-74003.