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Energy and Environment Directorate

Lawrence Greenwood

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 375-5301

PNNL Publications

2023

  • Morrison E.C., S.S. Morrison, J.M. Bowen, B.D. Pierson, L.R. Greenwood, V.T. Woods, and C.Z. Soderquist, et al. 2023. "Stacked target irradiations and radiochemical separations for simultaneous production of short-lived Ni and Ir isotopes." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 332, no. 2023:2533-2542. PNNL-SA-178600. doi:10.1007/s10967-023-08917-1
  • Uhnak N.E., E.J. Warzecha, M.M. Haney, B.D. Pierson, L.R. Greenwood, T. Trang-Le, and D.W. Byram, et al. 2023. Update of the Cesium-136 Cumulative Fission Yields at Multiple Neutron Energies. PNNL-34287. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Update of the Cesium-136 Cumulative Fission Yields at Multiple Neutron Energies

2022

  • Pierson B.D., B.C. Archambault, L.R. Greenwood, M.M. Haney, M.G. Cantaloub, A.R. Hagen, and S.M. Herman, et al. 2022. "Alpha/Beta-gated Gamma-Gamma Spectroscopy of Mixed Fission Products for Trace Analysis." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 331, no. 12:5453-5467. PNNL-SA-172636. doi:10.1007/s10967-022-08606-5
  • Uhnak N.E., M.M. Haney, L.R. Greenwood, B.D. Pierson, J.I. Friese, and L.A. Metz. 2022. R-Value Measurements Performed on Uranium Targets Irradiated with Fission Spectrum Neutrons FY 2021 for F2019 Project. PNNL-32666. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. R-Value Measurements Performed on Uranium Targets Irradiated with Fission Spectrum Neutrons FY 2021 for F2019 Project
  • Uhnak N.E., M.M. Haney, L.R. Greenwood, B.D. Pierson, T. Trang-Le, D.W. Byram, and B.K. McNamara, et al. 2022. 14 MeV Irradiation and Analysis of a 93% 239Pu Target. PNNL-33060. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 14 MeV Irradiation and Analysis of a 93% 239Pu Target

2021

  • Arrigo L.M., J. Jiang, Z.S. Finch, J.M. Bowen, C.L. Beck, J.I. Friese, and L.R. Greenwood, et al. 2021. "Development of a separation method for rare earth elements using LN resin." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 327, no. 1:457-463. PNNL-SA-155722. doi:10.1007/s10967-020-07488-9
  • Arrigo L.M., J. Jiang, Z.S. Finch, J.M. Bowen, S.M. Herman, L.R. Greenwood, and J.I. Friese, et al. 2021. "Separation of lanthanide isotopes from mixed fission product samples." Separations 8, no. 7:104. PNNL-SA-162239. doi:10.3390/separations8070104
  • Corrigall L., M. Griffiths, B. Petrovic, and L.R. Greenwood. 2021. "Radiation Effects Related to Repaired BWR Core Shrouds." Journal of Nuclear Materials 551. PNNL-SA-157877. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152932

2020

  • Pierson B.D., L.R. Greenwood, S.C. Stave, J.T. Burke, S.W. Padgett, A.M. Prinke, and J.A. Goda, et al. 2020. "Improved Cumulative Fission Yield Measurements with Fission Spectrum Neutrons on 238U." Nuclear Data Sheets 163. PNNL-SA-148863. doi:10.1016/j.nds.2019.12.006
  • Schwantes J.M., E.M. Hanson, J.D. Bohlke, J.R. Cartwright, R.A. Clark, J.F. Corbey, and M.D. Engelmann, et al. 2020. Summary of Forensic Examinations in Support of Breach Sealed Source Event at Harborview Medical Facility on 2 May 2019. PNNL-30053 Rev. 3. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Summary of Forensic Examinations in Support of Breach Sealed Source Event at Harborview Medical Facility on 2 May 2019
  • Trkov A., P.J. Griffin, E. Simeckova, L.R. Greenwood, K.I. Zolotarev, R. Capote Noy, and D.L. Aldama, et al. 2020. "IRDFF-II: A New Neutron Metrology Library." Nuclear Data Sheets 163. PNNL-SA-147526. doi:10.1016/j.nds.2019.12.001

2019

  • Pierson B.D., A.M. Prinke, L.R. Greenwood, S.C. Stave, R.S. Wittman, J.G. Burch, and J.T. Burke, et al. 2019. "Improved Cumulative Fission Yield Measurements with Fission Spectrum Neutrons on 235U." Nuclear Data Sheets 155. PNNL-SA-132098. doi:10.1016/j.nds.2019.01.005

2018

  • Arrigo L.M., L.R. Greenwood, B.D. Pierson, L.A. Metz, and J.I. Friese. 2018. "Radiochemical separations and experimental measurements of short-lived fission products from 14 MeV irradiation of depleted uranium." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 318, no. 1:353-360. PNNL-SA-133908. doi:10.1007/S10967-018-6115-7
  • Greenwood L.R., B.D. Pierson, and C.D. Johnson. 2018. "Enhancement of STAYSL_PNNL with IRDFF/V1.05 to 60 MeV." In 16th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry, edited by M. H. Sparks, K. R. DePriest, and D. W. Vehar, STP1608-EB, 265-275. West Conshohock, Pennsylvania:ASTM International. PNNL-SA-125878. doi:10.1520/STP160820170054
  • Jackson M.J., C. Gilligan, A. Davies, R.E. Britton, J.I. Friese, L.R. Greenwood, and B.D. Pierson, et al. 2018. "International Inter-comparison Exercise on 153Sm." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 318, no. 1:107-115. PNNL-SA-133434. doi:10.1007/s10967-018-6048-1

2017

  • Greenwood L.R., M.G. Cantaloub, J.L. Burnett, A.W. Myers, C.T. Overman, J.B. Forrester, and B.D. Glasgow, et al. 2017. "Low-Background Gamma Spectrometry for the International Monitoring System." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 126. PNNL-SA-119795. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.12.034
  • Griffiths M., L. Walters, L.R. Greenwood, and F.A. Garner. 2017. "Accelerated Materials Evaluation for Nuclear Applications." Journal of Nuclear Materials 488. PNWD-SA-10555. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.02.039

2016

  • Metz L.A., J.I. Friese, E.C. Finn, L.R. Greenwood, C.C. Hines, M.D. King, and D.E. Wall. 2016. "Fission products measured from highly-enriched uranium irradiated under 10B4C in a research reactor." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 307, no. 3:2321-2326. PNNL-SA-109714. doi:10.1007/s10967-015-4437-2
  • Simakov S., R. Capote Noy, L.R. Greenwood, P.J. Griffin, A. Kahler, V. Pronyaev, and A. Trkov, et al. 2016. "Validation of IRDFF in 252Cf standard and IRDF-2002 reference neutron fields." In 15th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry (ISRD 15), May 18-23, 2014, Aix en Provence, France,, edited by Abdallah Lyoussi, 106, Paper No. 04011. Les Ulis:EDP Sciences. PNNL-SA-105644. doi:10.1051/epjconf/201610604011

2015

  • Finn E.C., B.K. McNamara, L.R. Greenwood, R.S. Wittman, C.Z. Soderquist, V.T. Woods, and B.A. VanDevender, et al. 2015. "Modeling and production of 240Am by deuteron-induced activation of a 240Pu target." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 349. PNNL-SA-104002. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2015.02.001
  • Finn E.C., L.A. Metz, L.R. Greenwood, B. Pierson, R.S. Wittman, J.I. Friese, and R.F. Kephart. 2015. "Cumulative fission yields of short-lived isotopes under natural-abundance-boron-carbide-moderated neutron spectrum." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 301, no. 1:79-91. PNNL-SA-105467. doi:10.1007/s10967-015-4085-6
  • Morley S.M., B.N. Seiner, E.C. Finn, L.R. Greenwood, S.C. Smith, S.J. Gregory, and M.M. Haney, et al. 2015. "Integrated separation scheme for measuring a suite of fission and activation products from a fresh mixed fission and activation product sample." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 304, no. 2:509-515. PNNL-SA-103369. doi:10.1007/s10967-014-3826-2

2014

  • Greenwood L.R., R.S. Wittman, L.A. Metz, E.C. Finn, and J.I. Friese. 2014. "Design and Testing of a 10B4C Capsule for Spectral-Tailoring in Mixed-Spectrum Reactors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 743. PNNL-SA-99432. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.01.013
  • Guillen D., L.R. Greenwood, and J. Parry. 2014. "High Conduction Neutron Absorber to Simulate Fast Reactor Environment in an Existing Test Reactor." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 302, no. 1:413-424. PNNL-SA-101113. doi:10.1007/s10967-014-3251-6
  • Hayes J.W., E.C. Finn, L.R. Greenwood, and R.S. Wittman. 2014. "Characterization of a Thermo Scientific D711 D-T Neutron Generator Located in a Low-Scatter Facility." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 741. PNNL-SA-95797. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.11.023
  • Simakov S., L.R. Greenwood, and R. Capote Noy. 2014. "Validation of the International Reactor Dosimetry and Fusion File." In The 12th International Conference on Radiation Shielding (ICRS-12) and the 17th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division of ANS (RPSD-2012), September 2-7, 2012, Nara, Japan. Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology, 4, 591-595. Tokyo:Atomic Energy Society of Japan. PNNL-SA-90532.

2013

  • Doll C.G., E.C. Finn, M.G. Cantaloub, L.R. Greenwood, J. Kephart, and R.F. Kephart. 2013. "Comparison of Impurities in Charcoal Sorbents Found by Neutron Activation Analysis." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 295, no. 1:331-334. PNNL-SA-86736. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2239-3
  • Erikson L.E., M.E. Keillor, C.E. Aalseth, T.W. Hossbach, L.K. Mizouni, T.J. Stavenger, and B.S. McDonald, et al. 2013. "Determining HPGe Total Detection Efficiency Using ?-? Coincidence." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 296, no. 2:705-710. PNNL-SA-87582. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2186-z
  • Forrester J.B., L.R. Greenwood, H.S. Miley, A.W. Myers, and C.T. Overman. 2013. "Construction of a Shallow Underground Low-background Detector for a CTBT Radionuclide Laboratory." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 296, no. 2:1061-1064. PNNL-SA-86843. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2202-3
  • Griffiths M., G.A. Bickel, S.A. Donohue, P. Feenstra, C.D. Judge, D. Poff, and L. Walters, et al. 2013. "Degradation of Ni-alloy Components in CANDU Reactor Cores." In 16th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors, August 11-15, 2016, Asheville, North Carolina, 1008-1030. Houston, Texas:NACE International. PNWD-SA-10147.
  • Liu H., M.A. Abdou, and L.R. Greenwood. 2013. "55Fe effect on enhancing ferritic steel He/dpa ratio in fission reactor irradiations to simulate fusion conditions." Fusion Engineering and Design 88, no. 11:2860-2864. PNNL-SA-93985. doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.05.067
  • Metz L.A., J.I. Friese, E.C. Finn, L.R. Greenwood, R.F. Kephart, C.C. Hines, and M.D. King, et al. 2013. "Fission Yield Measurements from Highly Enriched Uranium Irradiated Inside a Boron Carbide Capsule." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 296, no. 2:763-767. PNNL-SA-86668. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2089-z
  • Miley H.S., T.W. Bowyer, M.D. Engelmann, P.W. Eslinger, J.I. Friese, L.R. Greenwood, and D.A. Haas, et al. 2013. "Measurement of Fukushima Aerosol Debris in Sequim and Richland, WA and Ketchikan, AK." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 296, no. 2:877-882. PNNL-SA-86800. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2231-y
  • Pierson B.D., E.C. Finn, J.I. Friese, L.R. Greenwood, J.D. Kephart, R.F. Kephart, and L.A. Metz. 2013. "Identifying and quantifying short-lived fission products from thermal fission of HEU using portable HPGe detectors." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 295, no. 3:1881 - 1885. PNNL-SA-88913. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2109-z
  • Woods V.T., T.W. Bowyer, S. Biegalski, L.R. Greenwood, D.A. Haas, J.C. Hayes, and E.A. Lepel, et al. 2013. "Parallel Radioisotope Collection and Analysis in Response to the Fukushima Release." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 296, no. 2:883-888. PNNL-SA-86908. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2210-3

2012

  • Aalseth C.E., R. Bonicalzi, M.G. Cantaloub, A.R. Day, L.E. Erikson, J.E. Fast, and J.B. Forrester, et al. 2012. "A Shallow Underground Laboratory for Low-Background Radiation Measurements and Materials Development." Review of Scientific Instruments 83, no. 11:Article No. 113503. PNNL-SA-89084. doi:10.1063/1.4761923
  • Biegalski S.R., T.W. Bowyer, P.W. Eslinger, J.I. Friese, L.R. Greenwood, D.A. Haas, and J.C. Hayes, et al. 2012. "Analysis of data from sensitive U.S. monitoring stations for the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear reactor accident." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 114. PNNL-SA-93030. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.11.007
  • Finn E.C., L.A. Metz, L.R. Greenwood, B.D. Pierson, J.I. Friese, R.F. Kephart, and J.D. Kephart. 2012. "Short-lived fission product measurements from >0.1 MeV neutron-induced fission using boron carbide." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 293, no. 1:267-272. PNNL-SA-77832. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-1652-y
  • Greenwood L.R., R.S. Wittman, B.D. Pierson, L.A. Metz, R.F. Payne, E.C. Finn, and J.I. Friese. 2012. "Design and Testing of a Boron Carbide Capsule for Spectral Tailoring in Mixed-Spectrum Reactors." Journal of ASTM International. JAI 9, no. 3:Article No. JAI103959. PNNL-SA-79709.

2011

  • Forrester J.B., T.W. Bowyer, F. Carty, L. Comes, P.W. Eslinger, L.R. Greenwood, and D.A. Haas, et al. 2011. "LESSONS LEARNED IN AEROSOL MONITORING WITH THE RASA." In Proceedings of the 2011 Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, September 13-15, 2011, Tucson, Arizona, 2, 681-688. Washington Dc:National Nuclear Security Administration. PNNL-SA-82609.

2010

  • Greenwood L.R., D.C. Glasgow, and C.A. Baldwin. 2010. "Neutron Fluences and Radiation Damage Parameters for the HFIR-MFE-RB-14J Experiment." In Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report for the Period Ending June 30, 2010, DOE-ER-0313/48. 149-153. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. DOE/ER-0313 Vol. 48.
  • Greenwood L.R., D.C. Glasgow, and C.A. Baldwin. 2010. "Neutron Fluences and Radiation Damage Parameters for the HFIR-MFE-RB-14J Experiment." In Fusion Reactor Materials Program Semiannual Report for the Period Ending June 30, 2010. 149-153. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-75620.
  • Greenwood L.R., D.C. Glasgow, and C.A. Baldwin. 2010. "Neutron Fluences and Radiation Damage Parameters for the HFIR-MFE-RB-17J Experiment." In Fusion Materials Semniannual Progress Report for the Period ending June 30, 2010, DOE/ER-0313 Vol. 48. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. DOE/ER-0313 Vol. 48.
  • Greenwood L.R., D.C. Glasgow, and C.A. Baldwin. 2010. "Neutron Fluences and Radiation Damage Parameters for the HFIR-MFE-RB-17J Experiment." In Fusion Reactor Materials Program Semiannual Report for the Period Ending June 30, 2010. 154-157. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-75619.

2009

  • Barnett J.M., V.I. Cullinan, D.S. Barnett, T.L. Trang-Le, M. Bliss, L.R. Greenwood, and M.Y. Ballinger. 2009. "Results of a Self-Absorption Study on the Versapor 3000 47-mm Filters for Radioactive Particulate Air Stack Sampling." Health Physics 97, no. (5), supplement:S161-S168. PNNL-SA-69112.
  • Douglas M., J.I. Friese, L.R. Greenwood, O.T. Farmer, L. Thomas, T.C. Maiti, and E.C. Finn, et al. 2009. "Separation and Quantification of Chemically Diverse Analytes in Neutron Irradiated Fissile Materials." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 282, no. 1:63-68. PNNL-SA-66026.
  • Friese J.I., R.F. Payne, L.R. Greenwood, C.Z. Soderquist, and S.J. Garofoli. 2009. "Half-life and gamma abundance ratio measurements of Sm-153." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 282, no. 2:369-372. PNNL-SA-70073.
  • Greenwood L.R., and J.P. Foster. 2009. "Retrospective Reactor Dosimetry with Zirconium Alloy Samples." In Reactor Dosimetry State of the Art 2008: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry, May 25-30, 2008, Akersloot, The Netherlands, edited by W Voorbraak, L Debarberis, P D'Hondt, J Wagemans, 58-66. Bukit Batok:World Scientific. PNNL-SA-60349.
  • Metz L.A., R.F. Payne, J.I. Friese, L.R. Greenwood, J.D. Kephart, and B.D. Pierson. 2009. "Experimental Measurements of Short-Lived Fission Products from Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium and Americium." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 282, no. 2:373-377. PNNL-SA-65763. doi:10.1007/s10967-009-0225-1
  • Payne R.F., J.A. Drader, J.I. Friese, L.R. Greenwood, C.C. Hines, L.A. Metz, and J.D. Kephart, et al. 2009. "Neutron fluence and energy reproducibility of a 2-dollar TRIGA reactor Pulse." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 282, no. 1:59-62. PNNL-SA-65753.
  • Schwantes J.M., M. Douglas, S.E. Bonde, D. Briggs, O.T. Farmer, L.R. Greenwood, and E.A. Lepel, et al. 2009. "Nuclear Archeology in a Bottle: Evidence of Pre-Trinity U.S. Weapons Activities from a Waste Burial Site." Analytical Chemistry 81, no. 4:1297-1306. PNNL-SA-61826.

2008

  • Griffiths M., F.J. Butcher, I. Ariani, S. Douglas, S. Douglas, F.A. Garner, and L.R. Greenwood. 2008. "Spectral Effects on Stress Relaxation of Inconel X-750 Springs in CANDU Reactors." In 8th International CANDU Maintenance Conference. Toronto:Canadian Nuclear Society. PNNL-SA-64211.
  • Miley H.S., T.W. Bowyer, L.R. Greenwood, and R.J. Arthur. 2008. "Fission Product Ratios as Treaty Monitoring Discriminants." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 276, no. 2:483-487. PNNL-SA-49331. doi:10.1007/s10967-008-0530-0

2007

  • Garner F.A., B.M. Oliver, L.R. Greenwood, D.L. Porter, and T. Allen. 2007. "Measurement of Helium Generation in AISI 304 Reflector and Blanket Assemblies after Long-Term Irradiation in EBR-II." Journal of ASTM International. JAI 4, no. 1:Article No. JAI100342. PNNL-SA-45438. doi:10.1520/JAI100342
  • Greenwood L.R., F.A. Garner, B.M. Oliver, and S.M. Bruemmer. 2007. "Determination of Neutron Exposure of AISI 304 Stainless Steel from a BWR Top Guide using Retrospective Dosimetry." Journal of Nuclear Materials 361, no. 1:1-9. PNWD-SA-7499.

2006

  • Bersillon O., L.R. Greenwood, P.J. Griffin, W. Mannhart, H.J. Nolthenius, H.J. Nolthenius, and R. Paviotti-Corcuera, et al. 2006. International Reactor Dosimetry File 2002 (IRDF-2002),Technical Report Series No. 452. Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency. PNNL-SA-36971.
  • Garner F.A., B.M. Oliver, L.R. Greenwood, D.J. Edwards, S.M. Bruemmer, and M.L. Grossbeck. 2006. "Generation and Retention of Helium and Hydrogen in Austenitic Steels Irradiated in a Variety of LWR and Test Reactor Spectral Environments." In Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report for Period Ending June 30, 2001, DOE-ER-0313/30. 127-147. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-45254.
  • Garner F.A., E.P. Simonen, B.M. Oliver, L.R. Greenwood, M.L. Grossbeck, W.G. Wolfer, and P.M. Scott. 2006. "Retention of Hydrogen in FCC Metals Irradiated at Temperatures Leading to High Densities of Bubbles or Voids." Journal of Nuclear Materials 356, no. 1-3:122-135. PNNL-SA-46851.
  • Greenwood L.R. 2006. "Gas Production in Reactor Materials." Journal of ASTM International. JAI 3, no. 2:Art. no. JAI13485. PNNL-SA-45081.
  • Posakony G.J., L.R. Greenwood, and S. Ahmed. 2006. "Stable Multibubble Sonoluminescence Bubble Patterns." Ultrasonics 44, no. Suppl. 1:e445-e449. PNNL-SA-49489.

2005

  • Greenwood L.R., and B.M. Oliver. 2005. "Comparison of Predicted and Measured Helium Production in US BWR Reactors." Journal of ASTM International. JAI 3, no. 3:Art. no. JAI13490. PNWD-SA-6944.
  • Hrma P.R., J.V. Crum, D.J. Bates, P. Bredt, L.R. Greenwood, and H.D. Smith. 2005. "Vitrification and testing of a Hanford high-level waste sample. Part 1: Glass fabrication, and chemical and radiochemical analysis." Journal of Nuclear Materials 345, no. 1:19-30. PNWD-SA-6931. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.03.026
  • Hrma P.R., J.V. Crum, P. Bredt, L.R. Greenwood, and H.D. Smith. 2005. "Vitrification and testing of a Hanford high-level waste sample, Part 2: Phase identification and waste form leachability." Journal of Nuclear Materials 345, no. 1:31-40. PNWD-SA-6932.

2004

  • Greenwood L.R., and F.A. Garner. 2004. "Impact of Transmutation Issues on Interpretation of Data Obtained from Fast Reactor Irradiation Experiments." Journal of Nuclear Materials 329-333. PNNL-SA-39931.
  • Greenwood L.R., and F.A. Garner. 2004. "Impact of Transmutation Issues on Interpretation of Data Obtained From Fast Reactor Irradiation Experiments." In Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report for the period ending December 31, 2003, DOE/ER-313/35. 233-239. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-40811.
  • Greenwood L.R., F.A. Garner, B.M. Oliver, M.L. Grossbeck, and W.G. Wolfer. 2004. "Surprisingly Large Generation and Retention of Helium and Hydrogen in Pure Nickel Irradiated at High Temperatures and High Neutron Exposures." Journal of ASTM International. JAI 1, no. 4:529-539. PNNL-SA-38372. doi:10.1520/JAI11365
  • Greenwood L.R., F.A. Garner, B.M. Oliver, M.L. Grossbeck, and W.G. Wolfer. 2004. "Surprisingly Large Generation and Retention of Helium and Hydrogen in Pure Nickel Irradiated at High Temperatures and High Neutron Exposures." In The Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium, June 18-20 2002, Tucson, AZ, United States. ASTM Special Technical Publication 1447, 529-539. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:American Society Testing and Materials. PNNL-SA-47971.
  • Heinisch H.L., L.R. Greenwood, W.J. Weber, and R.E. Williford. 2004. "Displacement Damage in Silicon Carbide Irradiated in Fission Reactors." Journal of Nuclear Materials 327, no. 2-3:175-181. PNNL-SA-38979.
  • Murphy M.K., R.K. Piper, L.R. Greenwood, M.G. Mitch, P.J. Lamperti, S.M. Seltzer, and M.J. Bales, et al. 2004. "Evaluation of the new cesium-131 seed for use in low-energy x-ray brachytherapy." Medical Physics 31, no. 6:1529-1538. PNNL-SA-38799.

2003

  • Edwards D.J., E.P. Simonen, F.A. Garner, L.R. Greenwood, B.M. Oliver, and S.M. Bruemmer. 2003. "Influence of Irradiation Temperature and Dose Gradients on the Microstructural Evolution in Neutron-Irradiated 316SS." Journal of Nuclear Materials 317, no. 1:32-45. PNNL-SA-37983.
  • Greenwood L.R., and B.M. Oliver. 2003. "Retrospective Reactor Dosimetry for Neutron Fluence, Helium, and Boron Measurements." In 11th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry. ISRD 2002. Hotel Metropole, Brussels, Belgium, August 18-23, 2002, 32-40. River Edge, New Jersey:World Scientific. PNNL-SA-38351.
  • Heinisch H.L., L.R. Greenwood, W.J. Weber, and R.E. Williford. 2003. "Total DPA Cross Sections for SiC as a Function of Neutron Energy." In Fusion Materials: Semi-Annual Progress Report Ending December 31, 2002, edited by Ron Klueh and Renetta Godfrey. 44-48. Washington Dc:DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-38239. Total DPA Cross Sections for SiC as a Function of Neutron Energy
  • Senor D.J., G.E. Youngblood, L.R. Greenwood, D.V. Archer, D.L. Alexander, M. Chen, and G.A. Newsome. 2003. "Defect Structure and Evolution in Silicon Carbide Irradiated to 1 dpa-SiC at 1100 degrees C." Journal of Nuclear Materials 317, no. 2-3:145-159. PNNL-SA-33677.

2002

  • Eisterer M., B.A. Glowacki, H.W. Weber, L.R. Greenwood, and M. Majoros. 2002. "Enhanced Transport Currents in Cu-Sheathed MgB2 Wires." Superconductor Science & Technology 15. PNNL-SA-31803.
  • Eisterer M., M. Zehetmayer, S. Tonies, H.W. Weber, M. Kambara, N.H. Babu, and D.A. Cardwell, et al. 2002. "Neutron irradiation of MgB2 bulk superconductors." Superconductor Science & Technology 15, no. 2:L9-L12. PNWD-SA-5706.
  • Garner F.A., B.M. Oliver, L.R. Greenwood, D.J. Edwards, S.M. Bruemmer, and M.L. Grossbeck. 2002. "Generation and Retention of Helium and Hydrogen in Austenitic Steels Irradiated in a Variety of LWR and Test Reactor Spectral Environments." In Fusion Materials: Semi-Annual Progress Report Ending June 30, 2001. 127-147. Washington Dc:DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-31899. Generation and Retention of Helium and Hydrogen in Austenitic Steels Irradiated in a Variety of LWR and Test Reactor Spectral Environments
  • Garner F.A., L.R. Greenwood, T. Okita, N. Sekimura, and W.G. Wolfer. 2002. "NEUTRON-INDUCED SWELLING OF Fe-Cr BINARY ALLOYS IN FFTF AT ~400 DEGREES C." In Fusion Materials: Semiannual Progress Report for Period ending December 31, 2002, edited by Ron Klueh and Renetta Godfrey. 99-104. Washington, Dc:DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-38242. NEUTRON-INDUCED SWELLING OF Fe-Cr BINARY ALLOYS IN FFTF AT ~400 DEGREES C
  • Gelles D.S., M.L. Hamilton, B.M. Oliver, L.R. Greenwood, S. Ohnuki, K. Shiba, and Y. Kohno, et al. 2002. "Recent Results for the Ferritics Isotopic Tailoring (FIST) Experiment." Journal of Nuclear Materials 307-311. PNNL-SA-38726.
  • Greenwood L.R., D.L. Baldwin, G.W. Hollenberg, and R.J. Kurtz. 2002. "Evaluation of the DHCE Experiment." In Fusion Materials: Semi-Annual Progress Report Ending June 30, 2001. 15-29. Washington Dc:DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-31896. Evaluation of the DHCE Experiment
  • Heinisch H.L., L.R. Greenwood, W.J. Weber, and R.E. Williford. 2002. "Displacement Damage Cross Sections for Neutron-irradiated Silicon Carbide." Journal of Nuclear Materials 307-311(Part 2). PNNL-SA-36925.
  • Okita T., T. Sato, N. Sekimura, F.A. Garner, and L.R. Greenwood. 2002. "The Primary Origin of Dose Rate Effects on Microstructural Evolution of Austenitic Alloys During Neutron Irradiation." Journal of Nuclear Materials 307 Pt. A. PNNL-SA-37143.

2001

  • Garner F.A., B.M. Oliver, L.R. Greenwood, M.R. James, P.D. Ferguson, S.A. Maloy, and W.F. Sommer. 2001. "Determination of Helium and Hydrogen Yield From Measurements on Pure Metals and Alloys Irradiated by Mixed High Energy Proton and Spallation Neutron Spectra in LANSCE." Journal of Nuclear Materials 296. PNNL-SA-34356.
  • Gelles D.S., M.L. Hamilton, B.M. Oliver, L.R. Greenwood, S. Ohnuki, K. Shiba, and Y. Kohno, et al. 2001. "Recent Results for the Ferritics Isotopic Tailoring (FIST) Experiment." In Fusion Materials: Semi-Annual Progress for Period Report Ending December 31, 2000. 93-102. Washington, Dc:US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-31891. Recent Results for the Ferritics Isotopic Tailoring (FIST) Experiment
  • Greenwood L.R. 2001. "Integral Testing of Spallation Cross Sections for Neutron Dosimetry at 113 and 256 MeV." In International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry; Radiation Metrology and Assessment, ASTM Special Technical Publication, edited by Williams, J.G., 1398, 409-416. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:American Society for Testing and Materials. PNNL-SA-31630.
  • Greenwood L.R., and C.A. Baldwin. 2001. "Neutron Dosimetry and Damage Calculations for the HFIR-RB-11J,12J Irradiations." In Fusion Materials: Semi-Annual Progress Report Ending December 31, 2001. 214-219. Washington Dc:US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-31901. Neutron Dosimetry and Damage Calculations for the HFIR-RB-11J,12J Irradiations
  • Holden N.E., J.P. Hu, D.D. Greenberg, R.N. Reciniello, K. Farrell, and L.R. Greenwood. 2001. "Radiation Dosimetry at the BNL High Flux Beam Reactor and Medical Research Reactor." In Reactor Dosimetry: Radiation Metrology and Assessment. International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry (10th : 1999 : Osaka, Japan), edited by J. G. Williams, D. W. Vehar, F. H. Ruddy, and D. M. Gilliam, STP 1398, 223-230. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:ASTM. PNNL-SA-31631.
  • Okita T., T. Sato, N. Sekimura, F.A. Garner, L.R. Greenwood, W.G. Wolfer, and Y. Isobe. 2001. "Neutron-Induced Microstructural Evolution of Fe-15Cr-16Ni Alloys at ~400 C During Neutron Irradiation in the FFTF Fast Reactor." In Fusion Materials: Semi-Annual Progress Report for Period Ending June 30, 2001. 148-164. Washington, Dc:US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-31902. Neutron-Induced Microstructural Evolution of Fe-15Cr-16Ni Alloys at ~400 C During Neutron Irradiation in the FFTF Fast Reactor
  • Stoller R.E., and L.R. Greenwood. 2001. "A Comparison of the NRT Displacement Model and Primary Damage Formation Observed in Molecular Dynamics Cascade Simulations, ASTM STP 1398, 2001." In International symposium on reactor dosimetry; rediation metrology and assessment. 10th -- 1999 Sep: Osaka, Japan, edited by Williams, J. G., p. 633-640. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:American Society for Testing and Materials. PNNL-SA-32903.

2000

  • Fiskum S.K., P.R. Bredt, J.A. Campbell, O.T. Farmer, L.R. Greenwood, E.W. Hoppe, and F.V. Hoopes, et al. 2000. Inorganic, Radioisotopic, and Organic Analysis of 241-AP-101 Tank Waste. PNNL-13354. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Inorganic, Radioisotopic, and Organic Analysis of 241-AP-101 Tank Waste
  • Garner F., M.B. Toloczko, L.R. Greenwood, C.R. Eiholzer, M.M. Paxton, and R.J. Puigh. 2000. "Swelling, irradiation creep and growth of pure rhenium irradiated with fast neutrons at 1030-1330 degrees C." Journal of Nuclear Materials 283-287, no. Part 1:380-385. PNNL-SA-31624.
  • Gelles D.S., M.L. Hamilton, B.M. Oliver, and L.R. Greenwood. 2000. "On Hydrogen and Helium embrittlement in Isotopic tailoring Experiments." In Fusion Materials: Semi-Annual Progress Report Ending December 31, 1999, edited by Rowcliffe, A.F. 149-153. Washington Dc:Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-31872. On Hydrogen and Helium embrittlement in Isotopic tailoring Experiments
  • Greenwood L.R., B.M. Oliver, D.S. Gelles, D.L. Baldwin, M. Dalle Donne, H. Kawamura, and F. Scaffidi-Aregentina. 2000. "Measurement and Calculation of Helium Generation in Beryllium Pebbles Irradiated in EBR-II." In Effects of Radiation on Materials: 19th International Symposium, edited by M.L. Hamilton, S.T. Rosinski, A.S. Kumar, et al, 1062-1074. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:Standard Technical Publication. PNNL-SA-30032.
  • Greenwood L.R., B.M. Oliver, S. Ohnuki, K. Shiba, Y. Kohno, A. Kohyama, and J.P. Robertson, et al. 2000. "Accelerated Helium and Hydrogen Production in Fe-54 Doped Alloys - Measurements and Calculations for the FIST Experiment." Journal of Nuclear Materials 283, no. Pt B:1438-1442. PNNL-SA-32338.
  • Greenwood L.R., B.M. Oliver, S. Ohnuki, K. Shiba, Y. Kohno, A. Kohyama, and J.P. Robertson, et al. 2000. "Accelerated Helium and Hydrogen Production in Fe-54 Doped Alloys - Measurements and Calculations for the FIST Experiment." In Fusion Materials: Semi-Annual Progress Report Ending December 31, 1999, edited by Rowcliffe, A.F. 236. Washington Dc:Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. PNNL-SA-31873. Accelerated Helium and Hydrogen Production in Fe-54 Doped Alloys - Measurements and Calculations for the FIST Experiment
  • Oliver B.M., F.A. Garner, L.R. Greenwood, and J. Abrefah. 2000. "High-Sensitivity Quadrupole Mass Spectometry System for the Determination of Hydrogen in Irradiated Materials." Journal of Nuclear Materials 283, no. Pt B:1006-1010. PNNL-SA-32679.
  • Stoller R.E., and L.R. Greenwood. 2000. "An Evaluation of Neutron Energy Spectrum Effects in Iron Based on Molecular Dynamics Displacement Cascade Simulations." In Effects of Radiation on Materials : 19th International Symposium. ASTM Special Technical Publication, edited by Margaret L Hamilton, et al, 1366, 548-559. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:American Society for Testing and Materials. PNNL-SA-33282.

1999

  • Garner F., L.R. Greenwood, and P. Roy. 1999. "An Assessment of Potential Gamma Ray Enhancement of Embrittlement in ABWR Pressure Vessel Walls." In Effects Of Radiation On Materials: 18th International Symposium; ASTM STP, edited by R.K . Nanstad, M. Hamilton et al, 1325, 52-74. W Conshohocken, :American Society Testing And Materials. PNWD-SA-4663.
  • Greenwood L.R. 1999. Radiation Damage Calculations for the FUBR and BEATRIX Irradiations of Lithium Compounds in EBR-II and FFTF. PNNL-12200. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Radiation Damage Calculations for the FUBR and BEATRIX Irradiations of Lithium Compounds in EBR-II and FFTF
  • Klinger G.S., B.M. Oliver, S.C. Marschman, J. Abrefah, L.R. Greenwood, P.J. MacFarlan, and G.A. Ritter. 1999. Drying Results of K-Basin Fuel Element 6603M (Run 5). PNNL-11841. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Drying Results of K-Basin Fuel Element 6603M (Run 5)
  • Mcneece J.P., B.D. Reid, W.C. Morgan, E.F. Love, D.C. Gerlach, S.L. Petersen, and J.V. Livingston, et al. 1999. Graphite Isotope Ratio Method Development Report: Irradiation Test Demonstration of Uranium as a Low Fluence Indicator. PNNL-13056. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Graphite Isotope Ratio Method Development Report: Irradiation Test Demonstration of Uranium as a Low Fluence Indicator
  • Stoller R.E., and L.R. Greenwood. 1999. "Subcascade formation in displacement cascade simulations: Implications for fusion reactor materials." Journal of Nuclear Materials 272. PNNL-SA-31628.

1998

  • Garner F., B.M. Oliver, and L.R. Greenwood. 1998. "The Dependence of Helium Generation Rate on Nickel Content of Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys Irradiated to High dpa Levels in EBR-II." Journal of Nuclear Materials 263, no. Part B:1740-1744. PNNL-SA-31664.
  • Kazakov V.A., H.C. Tsai, V.P. Chakin, F.W. Wiffen, A.F. Rowcliffe, D.L. Smith, and A.E. Rusanov, et al. 1998. "Experience in irradiation testing of low-activation structural materials in fast reactor BOR-60." Journal of Nuclear Materials 263, no. Part B:1458-1465. PNNL-SA-31629.

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